Chapter 2 Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
gelatinous substance
[juh-LAT-n-uh s]
A
chất gel
2
Q
cell membrane
A
structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
màng tế bào
3
Q
nucleus
A
Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.
nhân tế bào
4
Q
Chromosomes
A
rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of the DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.
NST
5
Q
rod-like
A
hình que
6
Q
spermatozoom
/spɜrˌmæt əˈzoʊ ən/
A
sperm
plural: spermatozoa
7
Q
unpaired chromosomes`
A
NST đơn
8
Q
sequence
A
chuỗi
9
Q
synthesis
[SIN-thuh-sis]
A
tổng hợp
10
Q
karyotype
A
a photograph of an individual’s chromosomes, arranged by size, shape and number
NST đồ
11
Q
obstetrician
[ob-sti-TRISH-uh n]
A
bs sản khoa
12
Q
amniocentesis
[am-nee-oh-sen-TEE-sis]
A
chọc dò dịch ói
13
Q
sac
A
túi
14
Q
trisomy
A
hiện tượng thể 3
15
Q
cytoplasm
A
tương bào
16
Q
apparatus
[ap-uh-RAT-uh s]
A
hệ thống, bộ máy
17
Q
mitochondria
singular: mitochondrion
/ˌmaɪ təˈkɒn dri ən/
A
structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy. Catabolism takes place in mitochondria.
ti thể
18
Q
sausage-shaped
A
hình xúc xích
19
Q
power plant
A
nhà máy
20
Q
catabolism
A
process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances
dị hóa
21
Q
cata-
A
down
22
Q
-bol-
A
to cast
23
Q
-ism
A
process
24
Q
endoplasmic reticulum
A
structure (canals) within each chromosome. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Anabolism takes place on the ribosomes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
lưới nội bào
25
canal
| /kəˈnæl/
ống
26
anabolism
| [uh-nab-uh-liz-uh m]
Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. Anabolism occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell
đồng hóa
27
ana-
up
28
-bol-
to cast
29
-ism
process
30
metabolism
the total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism
chuyển hóa
31
meta-
change
32
-bol-
to cast
33
-ism
process
34
accumulate
| v
tích tụ, gom góp lại
35
cytoplasm
all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
tế bào chất
36
slender
mỏng manh
37
individual
riêng lẻ
38
fiber
sợi
39
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
biểu mô
40
nerve cell
mô thần kinh
41
thel/o
the breast nipple
42
hist/o
tissue
43
histologist
nhà nghiên cứu mô
44
voluntary muscle
cơ vân
45
involuntary muscle
cơ trơn
46
cardiac muscle
cơ tim
47
ultrasound scan
siêu âm
48
fetus
| /ˈfi təs/
phôi, thai
49
glandular epithenal tissue
| [GLAN-juh-ler]
biểu mô tuyến
50
glandular
pt gland
51
adipose
| [AD-uh-pohs]
fat
52
cartilage
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
sụn
e.g. it surrounds the trachea and form part of the external ear and nose
53
elastic
đàn hồi
54
fibrous tissue
mô sợi
55
impulse
xung lực
56
viscera
nội tạng
| singular: viscus
57
abdominal viscera
organs located in the abdomen
58
pancreas
tụy
59
spleen
lá lách
60
galbladder
túi mật
61
esophagus
| [ih-sof-uh-guh s]
thực quản
62
digest
| v
tiêu hóa
63
digestive system
the organs that have as their particular function the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food or nutritive elements.
64
pharynx
throat. It serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea)
65
esophagus
| [ih-SOF-uh-guh s]
thực quản
66
excretory
urinary
67
respiratory system
| [RES-per-uh-tawr-ee]
hệ hô hấp
68
larynx
voice box; located ar the upper part of the trachea
| thanh quản
69
trachea
"windpipe" (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).
khí quản
70
bronchial tubes
phế quản
71
lungs
where the exchange of gases takes place.
| phổi
72
ureter
niệu quản
73
urethra
niệu đạo
74
uterus
womb
| tử cung
75
ovary
buồng trứng
76
fallopian tubes
vòi trứng
77
mammary gland
an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete or excrete materials not related to their ordinary metabolic needs. Glands are divided into two main groups, endocrine and exocrine.
tuyến vú
78
testes
tinh hoàn
| plural of testis
79
associated tubes
ống sinh tinh
80
thyroid gland
surround the trachea in the neck
| tuyến giáp
81
pituitary gland
at the base of the brain
| tuyến yên
82
parathyroid gland
tuyến cận giáp
83
spinal cord
cột sống
84
collections of nerves
tập hợp TK
85
circulatory system
hệ tuần hoàn
86
capillary
mao mạch
87
lymphatic vessels and nodes
các mạch và hạch bạch huyết
88
nodes
hạch
89
thymus gland
tuyến ức
90
sebaceus (oil) glands
tuyến nhờn
91
body cavity
a space within the body that contains internal organs
92
cranial cavity
khoang sọ
93
thoracic cavity
khoang ngực
94
abdominal cavity
khoang bụng
95
pelvic cavity
khoang chậu
96
spinal cavity
khoang tủy sống
97
fold
nếp nhăn
98
pleura
màng phổi
99
mediastnum
trung thất
100
embryo
phôi, phôi thai
101
epi-
the tissue
102
rectum
trực tràng
103
peritoneum
| /ˌpɛr ɪ tnˈi əm/
the double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone.
phúc mạc
104
retroperitoneal area
behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone.
105
umbilicus
navel
106
hypochondriac
pt da region below the cartilage
107
umbilicus
navel
108
inguinal
pt the groin
109
groin
háng
110
appendix
ruột thừa
111
vertebra
bone
| plural: vertebrae
112
cervical
neck region
| there are 7 cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)
113
cervix
the neck, especially back part.
114
thoracic
chest region. There are 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12) . Each bone is joined to a rib.
115
lumbar
loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs an the hipbone). There are five lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5).
116
sacral
5 bones (S1-S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum.
117
coccygeal
the coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces
118
anterior (ventral)
front surface of the body.
| e.g. the forehead is on the anterior side of the body.
119
posterior (dorsal)
the back side of the body.
| e.g. the back of the head is posterior (dorsal) to the face
120
deep
away from the surface
| the stab wound penetrated deep into the abdomen,
121
superficial
on the surface.
| e.g. superficial veins can be viewed through the skin
122
proximal
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure.
e.g. the proximal end of the upper arm bone (humerus) joins with the shoulder bone
123
distal
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.
e.g. at its distal end, the humerous joins with the lower arm bones at the elbow
124
humerus
upper arm bone
125
inferior
below another structure.
| e.g. the feet are at the inferior part of the body. They are inferior to the knees
126
caudal
pt to the tail, or to the lower portion of the body) also means away from the head or below another structure.
127
superior
above another structure.
| e.g. the head lies superior to the neck.
128
medial
pt da middle, or nearer the medial plane of the body
129
lateral
pt da side.
| e.g. the outterthigh is lateral in relation to the body.
130
supine
| adj
lying on the back.
| e.g. the patient les supine during an examination of the abdomen
131
Prone
| adj
lying on the belly.
| e.g. the backbones are axamined with the patient in a prone position
132
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portion.
133
sagital (lateral) plane
lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. The midsagital plane divides the body into right
134
transverse plane (cross-sectional or axial)
horizontal plane running across the body parallel to the ground. This cross-sectional plane divides the body or structure into upper and lower portions.
135
CT scan
computed tomography scan
136
abdomino
abdomen
137
adipo
fat
138
adipose
full of fat
139
-ose
pt or full of
140
antero
front
141
anterior
pt da front
142
-ior
pt
143
anabolism
process of building up proteins in a cell.
144
cervical
pt da necck of the body, or pt da neck of da uterus.
145
chondro
cartilage
146
chondroma
a benign cartilage tumor.
147
chondrosarcoma
a malignant tumor of the cartilage.
| ung thư sụn
148
urinary incontinence
tiểu ko tự chủ
149
antero
front
150
crano
skull
151
karyo
nucleus
152
latero
side
153
lumbo
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
154
lumbosacral
pt da lower back
155
narrow
hẹp
156
funnel or heart-shaped
hinh phễu
157
subpubic angle
góc dưới xương mu
158
pubis
x mu
159
ischium
| \ˈis-kē-əm\
x ngồi
160
acu/o
sharp, severve, sudden
161
amnio
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
162
angio
vessel
163
axillo
armpit
164
blephar/o
eyelid
165
chron/o
time
166
ischo
to hold back
167
laparo
abdomen, abdominal wall
168
masto
breast
169
morpho
shape, form
170
muco
mucus
171
my/o
muscle
172
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
173
necr/o
death (of cells or whole body)
174
neutro
neutrophil (a white blood cell)
175
ot/o
ear
176
peritone/o
perotoneum
177
phago
to eat, swallow
178
phleb/o
| \ˈblef-ə-ro\
vein
179
plaso
formation, development
180
pneumon/o
| \ˌn(y)ü-mə-ˈno\
lungs
181
pulmon/o
lungs
182
ren/o
kidney
183
staphyl/o
clusters
184
strept/o
twisted chains
185
veno
vein
186
phalanx
finger or toe
