Chapter 5 Flashcards

Question

cystic

Answer 1

pt galbladder

Answer 2

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.

Answer 3

swallowing

Answer 4

the primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root. ngà răng

Answer 5

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

Answer 6

first part of the small intestine. Duo = 2, den = 10; the duodenum measures 12 inches long

Answer 7

act of removal of materials from the body; in the digestive system, the removal of indigestible materials as feces

Answer 8

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules thereby increasing the surface area that enzymes can use to digest the fat

Answer 9

hard, outermost layer of a tooth.

Answer 10

a chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances. Digestive enzymes break down complex foods to simpler substances. Enzymes are given names that end in -ase

Answer 11

tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso- means inward; phago- means swallowing.

Answer 12

substances produced when fats are digested.

Answer 13

solid wastes; stool

Answer 14

small sac under the liver; stores bile. | Remember: gallbaldder is one word!

Answer 15

simple sugar

Answer 16

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells.

Answer 17

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion of food.

Answer 18

third part of the small intestine; meaning twisted. When the abdomen was viewed at autopsy, the intestine appeared twisted, and the ileum often was an area of obstruction.

Answer 19

one of four front teeth in the dental arch.

Answer 20

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver.

Answer 21

second part of the small intestine. This part of the intestine was always empty when a body was examined postmortum

Answer 22

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats.

Answer 23

a large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile; stores sugar, iron, and vitamins; produces blood proteins; and destroys worn-out red blood cells. The normal adult liver weighs about 2,5 to 3 pounds

Answer 24

Rings of muscles between the esophgus and the stomach. | Also called cardiac sphincter.

Answer 25

the sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch. răng cối

Answer 26

the fourth and fifth teeth, before the molars

Answer 27

roof of the mouth, The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate and is supported by the upper jawbone (maxilla). The soft palate is the posterior fleshy part between the mouth and the throat.

Answer 28

organ under the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods).

Answer 29

small elecations on the tongue. A papilla is a nipple-like elevation. gai vị giác

Answer 30

salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear | TNB mang tai

Answer 31

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.

Answer 32

enzyme that digests protein.

Answer 33

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.

Answer 34

Ring of muscle ar the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. From the Greek pyloros, meaning gatekeeper. It is normally closed, but opens when a wave of peristalsis passes over it. cơ vòng môn vòng.

Answer 35

Last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus.

Answer 36

rugae on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

Answer 37

digestive juice produced by salivary glands.

Answer 38

fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

Answer 39

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage

Answer 40

muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus

Answer 41

fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acids and one part glycerol

Answer 42

soft tissue haging from the middle of the soft palate. The Latin uva means bunch of grapes.

Answer 43

microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.

Answer 44

begins with the mouth, where food enters, and ends with the anus.

Answer 45

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Answer 46

complex food material taken into the mouth is ingested.

Answer 47

food is digested, or broken down, mechanically and chemically,, as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract. Digestive enzymes speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown (digestion) of complex nutrients. Complex proteins are digested to simpler amino acids; complicated sugars are reduced to simple sugars, such as glucose ; and large fat or lipid molecules are broken down to simpler substances such as fatty acids and triglycerides

Answer 48

digested food passes through the lining cells or epithelium of the small intestine and into the bloodstream. Nutrients thus travel to all cells of the body. Cells then break down nutrients in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Cells also use amino acid nutrients to build up large protein molecules needed for growth and development.. In addition, fat molecules are absorbed into lymphatic vessels from the intestine.

Answer 49

the large intestine concentrates these solid wastes, called feces, and the wastes finally pass out of the body through the anus.

Answer 50

the walls of the oval-shaped oral cavity.

Answer 51

the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth

Answer 52

irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior portion of the soft membrane.

Answer 53

a small soft tissue projecction hangs from the soft palate. It aids production of sounds and speech.

Answer 54

extends across the floor around during mastication (chewing) and deglutition (swallowing)

Answer 55

swallowing

Answer 56

small raised areas on the tongue, contain taste buds that are sentitive to the chemical nature of foods and allow discrimination of different tastes as food moves across the tongue.

Answer 57

nú vị giác

Answer 58

masses of lymphatic vessel tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes, lie on both sides of the oropharynx (part of the throat near the mouth) . They are filters to protect the body from the invasion of microorganism and produce lymphocytes, disease-fighting white blood cells.

Answer 59

the fleshy tissue surrounding the sockets of the teeth

Answer 60

răng cửa

Answer 61

cửa bên

Answer 62

răng nanh

Answer 63

tiền cối

Answer 64

răng tiền cối thứ hai

Answer 65

răng cối

Answer 66

răng cối thứ 2

Answer 67

wisdom teeth

Answer 68

cheilo, labio

Answer 69

cheek surface

Answer 70

thân răng

Answer 71

ngà răng

Answer 72

xương răng

Answer 73

surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket

Answer 74

tuỷ răng

Answer 75

sâu răng

Answer 76

bôi trơn

Answer 77

TNB mang tai

Answer 78

TNB duới hàm

Answer 79

TNB dưới lưỡi

Answer 80

blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels are within the pulp canal

Answer 81

nắp thanh môn

Answer 82

tiến tới

Answer 83

đáy vị

Answer 84

thân vị

Answer 85

mucosa | niêm mạc

Answer 86

trào ngược

Answer 87

folds in the mucous membrane lining the stomach | the rugae contain digestive glands that produce the enzyme pepsin

Answer 88

a pouch on the right side | manh tràng

Answer 89

van hồi manh tràng

Answer 90

ascending colon turns to left to become the transverse colon

Answer 91

the transverse colon passes horizontally to the left toward the spleen and then turns downward

Answer 92

cholesterol (a fatty substance), bile acids, and several bile pigments

Answer 93

is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal red vlood cell destruction. Bilirubin travels via the vloodstream to the liver, where it is conjugated or converted into a water-soluble form. Conjugated bilirubin is then added to bile and enters the brownish color. bilirubin and bile leave the body in feces.

Answer 94

jaundice | yellow discoloration of the skin,white of eyes, and mucous membranes.

Answer 95

leads to the gallbladder | ống túi mật

Answer 96

common bile duct

Answer 97

secretes pancreatic juices (enzymes) that are released into the pancreatic duct, which joins with the common bile duct just as it enters the duodennum

Answer 98

bile breaks apart large fat globules, create more ssurface area so that enzymes from the pancreas can digest the fats. Without bile, most of the fat taken into body remains undigested.

Answer 99

+ maintaining normal blood glucose levels. The lover removes excess glucose from the bloodsteam and stores it as glycogen in liver cells. When the blood sugar level becomes dangerously low, the liver converts stored glycogen back into glucose + manufactoring blood proteins, particularly those necessary for blood clotting +releasing bilirubin +removing poison from the blood

Answer 100

the liver converts stored glycogen back into glucose when the blood sugar level becomes dangerously low

Answer 101

the liver can convert proteins and fets into glucose, when the body needs sugar, by a process

Answer 102

an exocrine and an endocrine organ. As an exocrine gland, it produces enzymes to digest starch, such as amylase (amyl/o = starch, -ase = enzyme), to digest fat, such as lipase and protein, such as protease. These pass into the duodeum through the pancreatic duct.

Answer 103

the pancreas secretes insulin. This hormone, needed to help release sugar from the blood, acts as a carrier to bring glucose into cells of the body to be used for energy.

Answer 104

oral cavity - pharynx - esophagus - stomach - duodenum - jejunum - ileum - cecum - ascending colon - transverse colon - decending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum - anus |

Answer 105

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch.

Answer 106

terminal end or opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body.

Answer 107

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (in the right lower quadrant). It literally means hanging (pend/o) on to (ap-, which is a form of ad-).

Answer 108

break up | nhũ tương hóa

Answer 109

pointed, dog-like teeth (canine means pertaining to dog) next to the incisors. Also called cuspids or eyeteeth.

Answer 110

first part of the large intestine.

Answer 111

large intestine

Answer 112

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Also called the choledochus

Answer 113

elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the anus.

Answer 114

swallowing

Answer 115

the primary material found in teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown

Answer 116

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms.

Answer 117

pt surrounding the anus

Answer 118

removal of the appendix

Answer 119

inflamation of the appendix

Answer 120

a mucous membrane lining cavities that open to the outside of the body

Answer 121

belly abdomen

Answer 122

pt to abdomen

Answer 123

abnormal condition of the lip

Answer 124

gallbladder

Answer 125

removal of the cholecysto

Answer 126

(A) obstruction and bacterial infection cuase red, swollen, and inflamed appendix. (B) Pus and bacteria invade the wall of the appendix. (C) Pus perforates (ruptures through) the wall of the appendix into the abdomen, leading to peritoneum.

Answer 127

common bile duct

Answer 128

colon, large intestine

Answer 129

opening to form a mouth from the colon to outside of the body.

Answer 130

nội soi trực tràng

Answer 131

surgical connection between ... and e.g. gastrojejunostomy thủ thuật nối

Answer 132

pt to the tooth and cheek

Answer 133

pt duodenum

Answer 134

inflammation of the small intestine and large intestine.

Answer 135

new opening between two previously unconneccted parts of the small intestine.

Answer 136

which is any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, ducts, or bowel segments

Answer 137

pt to esophagus

Answer 138

inflammation of the gums

Answer 139

under the tongue

Answer 140

cancer of the liver

Answer 141

valve at the ileum and cecum

Answer 142

opening to form a mouth from the common bile duct to the jejunum.

Chapter 5 Flashcards

(204 cards)