Chapter 2

Question 1

What’s a genotype and phenotype? What’s dominant and recessive inheritance?

Answer 1

Genotype: all of a person’s genetic material
Phenotype: observable characteristics

Dominant: heterozygosity (Bb or BB)
Recessive: homozygosity (bb)

Question 2

What are the different ways to measure heritability of a trait?

Answer 2

Family studies: degree to which biological relatives share a trait

Adoption studies: degree to which adopted children resemble biological or adopted relatives

Twin studies: compares the degree to which monozygotic and dizygotic twins resemble each other for a trait

Question 3

What’s the range of reaction? Canalization?

Answer 3

Potential variation of a trait; heritable restrictions on the range of trait development

Ex of range of reaction: intellectual performance varying based on the environment one’s raised in

Question 4

What’s the epigenetic view?

Answer 4

The bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment causes development

Question 5

What are gene x environment (G x E) correlations?

Answer 5

3 ways the environment reflects or reinforces genetic differences

Passive:

Reactive/ Evocative:

Active/Niche-picking:

Question 6

What’s G x E interaction?

Answer 6

The interaction of a specific measured variable in DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment (ex. Depression and a stressful environment)