Chapter 2

Question 1

Globalization

Answer 1

The internationalization of business activities and the shift toward and integrated global economy

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

The set of shared values, often taken for granted, that help people in a group, organization, or society understand which actions are considered acceptable and which are deemed unacceptable

Question 3

Individualism

Answer 3

Exists to the extent that people in a culture define themselves primarily as individuals rather than as part of one or more groups or organizations

Question 4

Collectivism

Answer 4

Characterized by tight social frameworks in which people tend to base their identities on the group or organization to which they belong

Question 5

Power Distance

Answer 5

Also called orientation to authority.

The extent to which people accept as normal an unequal distribution of power

Question 6

Uncertainty Avoidance

Answer 6

Also called preference for stability.

The extent to which people feel threatened by unknown situations and prefer to be in clear and unambiguous situations

Question 7

Masculinity

Answer 7

Also called assertiveness or materialism.
The extent to which the dominant values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the acquisition of money and other possessions as opposed to concern for people, relationships among people, and overall quality of life

Question 8

Long-term Values

Answer 8

Include focusing on the future, working on projects that have a distant payoff, persistence, and thrift

Question 9

Short-term Values

Answer 9

More oriented toward the past and the present and include respect for traditions and social obligations

Question 10

Workforce Diversity

Answer 10

Refers to the important similarities and differences among the employees of organizations

Question 11

Stereotypes

Answer 11

Generalizations about a person or a group of persons based on certain characteristics or traits

Question 12

Prejudices

Answer 12

Judgements about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority

Question 13

Primary Dimensions of Diversity

Answer 13

Those factors that are either inborn or exert extraordinary influence on early socialization

Question 14

Secondary Dimensions of Diversity

Answer 14

INclude factors that matter to us as individuals and that to some extent define us to others; however, they may be less permanent that primary dimensions and can be adapted or changed.

Question 15

Assimilation

Answer 15

The process through which members of a minority group are socialized into learning the ways of the majority group

Question 16

Valuing Diversity

Answer 16

Means putting an end to the assumption that everyone who is not a member of the dominant group must assimilate

Question 17

Technology

Answer 17

Refers to the methods used to create products, including both physical goods and intangible services

Question 18

Manufacturing

Answer 18

A form of business that combines and transforms resources into tangible outcomes that are then sold to others

Question 19

Service Organization

Answer 19

One that transforms resources into an intangible output and creates time or place utility for its customers

Question 20

Ethics

Answer 20

A person’s beliefs regarding what is right or wrong in a given situation

Question 21

Corporate Governance

Answer 21

Refers to the oversight of a public corporation by its board of directors

Question 22

Knowledge Workers

Answer 22

Those employees who add value in an organization simply because of what they know

Question 23

Outsourcing

Answer 23

The practice of hiring other firms to do work previously performed by the organization itself; when this work is moved overseas, it is often called offshoring

Question 24

Contingent Worker

Answer 24

A person who works for an organization on something other than a permanent or full-time basis

Question 25

Tiered Workforce

Answer 25

Exists when one group of an organization’s workforce has a contractual arrangement with the organization objectively different from another group performing the same jobs