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EDVS 1660: History 1 > Chapter 2: Ancient Near East Definitions/Photos > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Ancient Near East Definitions/Photos Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Hierarchic Scale

A

Use of differences in size to indicate relative importance

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2
Q

Stele

A

Stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs

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3
Q

Cuneifrom

A

Early form of writing with wedge shaped marks impression into the wet clay with a stylus

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4
Q

Stylus

A

Instrument with pointed end making a delicate line or scratch

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5
Q

Ziggurat

A

Ancient mesopotamia, tall stepped tower of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine

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6
Q

Votive Figure

A

Image created as devotional offering to deity

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7
Q

Inlay

A

To set pieces of material into a surface to form a design

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8
Q

Lost-Wax-Casting

A

Method of casting metal such as bronze

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9
Q

High Relief

A

Depends upon the extent of projection of the image of the background

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10
Q

Low Relief

A

Depends upon the extent of projection of the image of the background

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11
Q

Crenellation

A

Alternating high and low sections of a wall, giving a notched appearance and creating permanent defensive shields on top of fortified buildings

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12
Q

City - State

A

Has its own government, consists of a city and the area around it

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13
Q

Lapis Lazuli

A

Bright blue metamorphic rock consisting largely of lazurite, used for decoration an jewelry

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14
Q

Alabaster

A

Fine- grained, translucent form of gypsum (mineral), typically white, often carved into ornaments

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15
Q

Lyre

A

Greek string instruments .. looks like a harp

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16
Q

Diorite

A

Speckled, coarse-grained igneous rock consisting essentially of plagioclase, feldspar, and homblende or other mafic miners

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17
Q

Pleasure Garden

A

Open to public for recreation and entertainment

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18
Q

Gold Leaf

A

Very thin sheets of gold

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19
Q

The Epic of Gilgamesh

A

Earliest surviving great work of literature, from ancient mesopotamia

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20
Q

Inanna, Nanna, Anu, Ishtar

A

Sumerian God’s

Inanna - Goddess of love, fertility, and warfare
Nanna - God of the moon
Anu - Sky god
Ishtar - Goddess of fertility, love, war, sex, and power

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21
Q

Enheduanna

A

Daughter of Sargon of Akkad, high priestess of the moon god Nanna

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22
Q

Hammurabi

A

6th king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, 1792-1750 BCE

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23
Q

Uruk

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A

Ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia

24
Q

Sir Leonard Woolley

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A

British Archaeologist best known for his excavations at Ur in Mesopotamia

25
Photo: Head of Woman
Uruk (present day Warka, Iraq) c. 3300-3000 BCE -Could be attached to wooden head on full size wooden body - Stripped of its original paint, wig, and the inlay set in for brows and eyes - Shells for the whites of the eyes - Lapis lazuli for pupils Hair may have been gold
26
Photo: The ruins of Anu Ziggurat
3400-3200 BCE - Sancturary (white temple) - Altar - Northwest terrace Characteristics of the landscape: - Flat Landscap - produced by the overflow of the rivers
27
Photo: Carved Vessel
Uruk,c. 3300-3000 BCE Organized into 3 registers or horizontal bands: - Lower strip; sources of life in natural world, beginning with water and plants. - Upper strip; alternating rams, and ewes march single file along solid grown in line - Middle strip; naked men carry baskets of foodstuffs - Top register; Goddess Inanna accepts an offering from 2 standing figures - 2 men that face her are taught to be first naked priest or acolyte presenting an offering-filled basket, followed by partially preserved, ceremonially dressed figure of the priest king
28
Photo: Votive Figures
Square Temple Eshuanna, c. 2900-2600 BCE - small votary statues dedicated to gods - brows inlaid with shell, stone, or bitumen - cylindrical male and female bodies with sturdy legs
29
Photo: Cylinder Seal Impression
Tomb of Queen Puabi. 2600-2500 BCE - Replaced stamp seal - Cylinders made of hard stone - Banquet scene with women
30
Photo: Disk of Enhenduanna
2300-2275 BCE. Excavated by Leonard Woolley at Ur in 1927
31
Phote: Head of Ruler
Nineveh. 2300-2200 BCE. Iraq musem, Baghdad. - Earlistest known hollow-cast sculpture (lost-wax casting) - Ryality indicated by heard and braided hair - Beard and hair are also characteristics of ideal male - Symbolic mutilation of ears and eyes
32
Photo: Stele of Naram-Sin
2254-2218 BCE - Hierarchic scale - Victorious akkadian ruler with horned helmet - Handsome male form = mythical heroism and royal power (ancient mesopotamian culture) - Native trees suggest real battle scene - Small enemy figures - Sun deities
33
Photo: The Lion Hunt
Assurnasirpal II, Kalhu. 875-860 BCE - Low Relief - Marks shift in Mesopotamian art for ".. a sense of timeless solemnity, and toward a more damatic, even emotional, movement witht he event portrayed.
34
Photo: Ceremonial Complex
518-460 BCE - New capital of Darius I - Multicultural stlyle combining many different traditions- Persian, median, mesopotamian, egyptian, and greek - Assyrian platform - Rectangular grid like Egyptian and Greek Cities
35
Photo: Ziggurat of the moon-god Nanna at Ur
2100 - 2050 BCE - One site of earlier temple - Mud brick faced with kin-dried brick and set with bitumen - Rectangular base with 3 platforms and 3 flights of stairs - Platform walls slop outwards First 2 levels with retaining walls are recent reconstructions
36
Photo: The great Lyre with Bull's Head.
Royal tomb. Ur, c. 2600-2500 BCE - Bull decorated with gold and lapis lazuli - Front panel of sound box made of wood with shell inlaid in bitumen - Lyres played at funerals - Lyres buried on top of female musicians who played for funeral
37
Photo: Votive Statue of Gueda
2090 BCE. Musee du Louvre, Paris. - Compact Stylized figure - Emphasis on body's power centers: eyes, head, arms - Cuneiform text on garment dedication of Gudea, the statue, and it's temple to Geshtinanna, divine poet and interpreter of dreams - Water flows from vessel in two streams with fish Eye concentrate on deity
38
Photo: Steele of Hammurabi
Sippar, c. 1792-1750 BCE - Sun god and god of justice Shamash gives the law to king Hammurabi - Shamash identified by sun rays, conical horned cap throne measuring rod and rope circle - Laws engraved in cuneiform on stele - Innovative regulation of laws and punishments
39
Photo: Lion Gate
Hattusha, c. 1400 BCE - High relief guardian figures carved from the building stones of the wall - Hittite capital Lions project some difference from the background (high relief)
40
Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of the Citadel and Palace complex of Sargon II
Khorsabad Iraq, c. 721-706 BCE - New Assyrian capital - Sargon II lived and ruled from quarters atop 40 degree platform - Gate guardian figures (lamassus) Ziggurat
41
Photo: Assurbanipal and His Queen in the Garden
Nineveh, c. 647 BCE. - Pleasure garden victory celebration - Enemy's severed head hangs from tree
42
Photo: Nanna Ziggurat
Ur, c. 2100-2050 BCE - Dedicated to moon god Nanna - Created by king Urnammu
43
Photo: Assurnaspirpal II Killion Lions
Palace of Assurnaspirpal II, Kalhu,c. 8750860 BCE) - Low Relief - Marks shift in Mesopotamian art for ".. a sense of timeless solemnity, and toward a more damatic, even emotional, movement witht he event portrayed.
44
Naram Sin
ruled 2254-2218 BCE - ruler of Akkadia - First mesopotamian king know to have claimed divinity for himself
45
Sargon I
2232-2279 BCE Ruled Akkadia after Naram-Sin
46
Assurnasipal II
883-859 BCE - established capital at Khalu - Created the Lions Gate
47
Neobuchadnezzar II
605-562 BCE - most famous neobabylonian Ruler - Suppression of the jews
48
Cyrus II
559-530 BCE Ruler of persia
49
Darius I
521-486 BCE Construction of Parsa (palace)
50
Xerxes I
485-465 BCE Son of Darius I - Made his own modifications to the palace after his father
51
Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of Citadel and Palace
Dur Sharukin 721-706 BCE - new ass capital - gate guardian figures - ziggurat - lived and ruled atop 40 deg plat
52
Photo: Reconstruction of Babylon in the 6th Century
- Ishtar Gate - Blue glazed brick facing - 4 Tower symbols of babylonian power - Neobuchadnezzar II
53
Photo: Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall
- Babylon - 575 BCE - Coloured glass (lapis lazuli)
54
Photo: Arial view of the Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis
- Iran - 518-460 BCE - New capital of Darius I - Multicultural Style - Assyrian Platform - Reconstruction grid like
55
Photo: Darius and Xerxes Recieving Tribute
- Stairway to Apadana - Persepolis Iran - 491-486 BCE

EDVS 1660: History 1 (7 decks)

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