Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt Definitions/Photos Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Hierarchic Scale
A
Use of difference in size to indicate relative importance
2
Q
Composite Pose
A
Combining different viewpoints within a single representation
3
Q
Hieroglyph
A
Picture writing; words and ideas in symbol forms
4
Q
Sacrophagus
A
Stone coffin
5
Q
Papyrus
A
Material from pithy stem of water plant (used in sheets)
6
Q
Mastaba
A
Tomb rectangular in shape with sloping sides and flat roof
7
Q
Sphinx
A
Figure of imaginary creature having head of man, or animal and the body of a lion
8
Q
Cannon
A
Heavy piece of artillery, mounted on wheels and used in warfare
9
Q
Grid
A
System of regularly spaced horizontally and vertically crossed lines
10
Q
Necropolis
A
Large cemetery or burial area; literally “a city of the dead”
11
Q
Lotus
A
Plant
12
Q
Portico
A
Projecting roof or porch supported by columns, usually marking an entrance
13
Q
Gneiss
A
Metamorphic rock with banded foliated structure, usually coarse-grained
14
Q
Scribe
A
Person who copies out documents (Kai)
15
Q
Lower Egypt
A
North of Egypt where nile stretched out with its several branches to form the Nile Delta
16
Q
Upper Egypt
A
Stop of land on both sides of the Nile, extends between Nubai and downriver to lower egypt
17
Q
Imhotep
A
Egyptian polymath who served under the 3rd Dynasty kind Djoser as chancellor
18
Q
Khafre
A
King of 4th Dynasty ruled 2520-2492 BCE and was the son of Khufu
19
Q
Menkaure
A
King of 4th Dynasty in the Old kingdom, ruled (2490-2472 BCE) successor of king Khafre
20
Q
Khufu
A
Second pharaoh during 4th Dynasty. (2490-24720 BCE) commissioned the great pyramid of Giza.
21
Q
Photo: The Palette of Narmer
A
Hierakonpolis. 2950 BCE.
- Hieroglyphs
- Hierarchic scale
- Composite poses
- Narmer Wears bull’s tail
- Ceremonial palette, but with mixing Saucer
22
Q
Twelfth Dynasty
A
1935-1758 BCE
23
Q
Thirteenth Dynasty
A
1755-1630 BCE
24
Q
Photo: Step Pyramid and Sham Buildings
A
funerary complex of Djsor. Saqqara. 3rd Dynasty. C. 2630 - 2575 BCE.
- Earliest know monumental architecture in Egypt
- Designed by Imhotep, first architect in history to be identified
- Stairway to the sun of god (ra)
- Built over kings tomb for protection
- Djoser an observer of rituals from afterlife
25
Photo: Great Pyramids of Giza
4th Dynasty. C. 2575-2450 BCE.
- Oldest & largest; pyramid of Khufu
- Processional with ceremonies from east bank of Nile to pyramid tomb on west bank
- Oriented to compass points
26
Photo: Great Sphinx
Funerary complex of Khafre, Giza. Old Kingdom. C - 2520-2494 BCE.
- Near khafre's valley temple
- Khafre's head on temple body of lion
27
Photo: Valley Temple of Khafre Giza
Old kingdom. C 2520-2494 BCE.
- Walls & piers support flat roof
- Clerestory windows for light
- Polished alabaster floors
- Houses over-life-size statues of Khafre
28
Photo: Khafre, Giza
Valley Temple of Khafre. 4th Dynasty, C. 2520-2494 BCE.
- House the falcon god
- Lions form 3 legs
- Intertwined lotus (Upper Egypt) and papyrus (Lower Egypt) intertwined beneath the seat indicate king's power overall of Egypt
- Stone produces blue glow in sunlight, the celestial colour of Horus (god of the heavens)
- Permanence conveyed in pose, facial expression, material.
29
Photo: Menkaure and a queen, probably Khamerenebty II
From Giza. 4th Dynasty. 2490-2472 BCE
- Conventional calm and dignified pose with queen's embrace
- Menkaure shown youthful & athletic in conventional kilt and headdresses, left food forward, arm's straight, fists clenching cylindrical objects
- Queen's rounded torso contrasts king's
- Traces of paint remain: red on the king per tradition, black on the queen's hair
30
Photo: Seated Scribe
Found near the tomb of kai. Saqqara 5th Dynasty. C. 2450-2325 BCE.
- More relaxed/life-like than statues of royalty
- Round head. Close-cropped hair, alert expression
- Individually
- Eyes inlaid with polished crystal with pupils slight off center
- Soft physique
31
Photo: Watching a hippo hunt, tomb of Ti
5th Dynasty. C. 2450-2325 BCE.
- Tomb wall painting using representational conventions
- River viewed from above, while animals in river shown in profile
- Boats shown straight - on
- Papyrus in vertacl lines with prey animals stalking birds among flora
- Ti in composite post and hierarchically scaled, while hunters are more life-like
32
Photo: Sensuret III from Dier-el-Bahri.
12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, c 1850 BCE.
- Less serene and confident than imaged from the Old Kingdom
- Frontality of pose similar
- Changing sensibilities or conventions?
33
Photo: Picking Figs
Wall painting from the tomb of Khumhortep. Beni Hasan. 12th Dynasty. C. 1890 BCE.
- Farm workers & baboons
- Upper torsos of figures more lifelike than royal composite poses
34
Photo: Stele of the Gatekeeper of the Royal Treasury Maety.
12th Dynasty to middle Kingdom.
- Barefoot
- Elaborate broad collar, bracelets, and knee-length kilt
- Offering table with ten feathers
- Perfume vessel
- Offerings above feathers
- Emphasis on line
- Scene composed in registers or bands with canon proportions
35
Photo: Judgment of Hunefer befor Osiris
19th D, c. 1285 BCE
- Anubis leads him by the hand (left)
- Ma'at appears atop the balancing arm of the scale wearing a feather headress
- Ammit, the dreaded "easter of the dead" part crocodile, lion, hoppo watches sign from ibis-headed god Thoth,
- Hunefer passes test, and Horus presents him to enthroned Osiris
- Nepthys and Isis supporting him in back
36
Photo: Karomama
3rd Int per, 22nd Dynasty, c. 945-715 BCE
- Extraordinary most surviving portrait of Egypt:
- Divine consort of Amun and member of a community of virgin priestesses selected from the pharaoh's family or retinue who were dedicated to him
- Karomama.. Daughter of king Osorkan I (20th D, r.c 985-978 BCE)
- Identified as priestesses rather than princess
37
King Djoser
(2650-2631 BCE)
○ Commissioned the most earliest known architecture in Egypt
○ Designer was Imhotep (served as Prime Minister)
38
King Khufu
2251-2528 BCE
39
Khafre
2520-2494 BCE
- son of khufu
40
Menakaure
2490-2472 BCE
41
Mentuhotep
(11th D, 2010 - 1938 BCE)
- Gained power in Thebes
- Reasserted royal power and founded the Middle Kingdom
42
Senusret II
1842-1837 BCE
43
Snusret III
1836-1818 BCE
Built the town Kahun
44
Thutmose I
1493-1482 BCE
45
Thutmose III
1479-1425 BCE
- Extended Egypt's influence alone the eastern Mediterranean coast as far as the region of present-day Syria
- First to refer himself as Pharaoh
46
Amenhotep III
1390-1353 BCE
47
Amenhotep IV
1353-1336 BCE
48
Tutankhaten
1332-1322 BCE
- Son of Amun
- The one to return stuff to traditional beliefs
49
Sety I
1290-1279 BCE
50
Ramses II
1279-1213 BCE
- Son of Sety
51
Osorkan I
985-978 BCE
52
Taharqo
690-664 BCE
53
Cleopatra VII
51-30 BCE
54
Hatshepsut
1473-1458 BCE
FEMALE PHARAOH
55
Photo: Mask of King Tut
1327 BCE
- Valley of kings
- Flail and Crook
- Sacrophagus (Stone coffin)
56
Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of Djosers Funeraray Complex
- Saqqara
- 2630-2575 BCE
- Stone and wood
57
Photo: Step Pyramid and Sham building, Complex of Djoser
- Ziggurat
- Stairway to son god Ra
- 92 foot shaft
- Adjacent funerary temple
58
Photo: Butcher
- Tomb of Nikau-inpu
| - 5th d 2450-2325 BCE
59
Photo: Stele of Amenemhat
Assasif
- 11th D, 2000
- Food offerings
- Wife Lyi, and son Antef
- Convention of Skin
60
Photo: Reconstruction Drawing of The Great Temple of Amun at Karnak
Karnak
- 1579-1075 BCE
- Vast Hall filled with columns (Hypostyle)
61
Photo: Reconstruction of Hypo Hall
Karnak
- 1292 - 1190 BCE
- Sety and son Ramses
62
Photo: Columns with Papyriform and Bud Capitals, Hypostyle Hall, Great Temple of Amun,
Karnak
- 19th D
- Sety and Ramses
- Carving on Columns
63
Photo: Hatshepsut Kneeling
- Deir - el - bahir
1423-1458 BCE
- Shown as king
- mile away from valley of kings
64
Photo: Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut
1473-1458 BCE
- Far left ramp in drawing
- Dier el Bahri
- Base of funerary temple is mentuotep
65
Photo: Drawing of Hatshepsut Temple
- Dier el Bahri
- Flat Dessert to sloping hillside
- Axial Plan ..
- Causeway lined with sphinxes
66
Photo: Ramose Brother May and his wife
- Tomb of Ramose
| - 1375 - 1365 BCE
67
Photo: Collosal Figure of Akhenhaten
- Gompaaten Temple
- Akhenhaten
- Starling Stylizations, physical distortions
- Placed oriental movement on son
- Facial features include distorted and exaggerations
- Pictorial Relief Sculptures (2D drawing on 3D surface)
68
Photo: Akhenhaten and his Fam
- 1353-1336 BCE
- 2 daughters
- Shaved heads
- Pictorial Relief Sculpture
- Recieving blessings from Aken
69
Photo: Queen Tiy
- Medinet-El-Ghurab
- 1352 BCE
- Reveals bone structure
- Portrait altered once son came to power
70
Photo: Nefertiti
- Akhen's wife
- 1353-1336 BCE
- Stucco
- Painted limestone
- Smoothed out
71
Photo: Fish Shaped perfume bottle
Akhen
1353-1356 BCE
72
Photo: Nefertiti Making an Offering
- Tomb of nef
- Valley of queens
- 1290 - 1224
- Making offering to Isis
- Shown Royalty
73
Photo: Sphinx of Taharqo
- Tikawa, Nubia
- 680 BCE
- 2 Cobras represent 2 kingdoms
- Known as African King by the facial expressions
