Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 2 - Basic Exercise Science Deck (45)
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1
Q

the combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

A

human movement system

2
Q

the communication network within the human body

A

nervous system

3
Q

the ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment

A

sensory function

4
Q

the ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information and produce the appropriate response

A

integrative function

5
Q

the neuromuscular response to the sensory information after interpretation

A

motor function

6
Q

the cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and movement

A

proprioception

7
Q

the functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

8
Q

neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

A

sensory (afferent) neurons

9
Q

neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

A

mottor (efferent) neurons

10
Q

neurons that transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

A

interneurons

11
Q

the portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

12
Q

cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

A

peripheral nervous system

13
Q

sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

A

mechanoreceptors

14
Q

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

muscle spindles

15
Q

mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

A

golgi tendon organs

16
Q

mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

A

joint receptors

17
Q

the body’s framework; composed of bones and joints

A

skeletal system

18
Q

structures that provide the resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

A

bones

19
Q

junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur

A

joints

20
Q

portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

A

axial skeleton

21
Q

portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

A

appendicular skeleton

22
Q

the process of resorption and formation of bone

A

remodelling

23
Q

a type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resorption)

A

osteoclasts

24
Q

a type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

A

osteoblasts

25
Q

the end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth

A

epiphysis

26
Q

the shaft portion of a long bone

A

diaphysis

27
Q

the region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate

A

epiphyseal plate

28
Q

a dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints

A

periosteum

29
Q

the central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

A

medullar cavity

30
Q

cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

31
Q

flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites

A

depressions

32
Q

projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

A

processes

33
Q

a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

A

vertebral column

34
Q

joint motion

A

arthrokinematics

35
Q

joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints

A

synovial joints

36
Q

joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage

A

non-synovial joints

37
Q

fibrous tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

A

ligaments

38
Q

series of muscles that moves the skeleton

A

muscular system

39
Q

a layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia that surrounds the muscle

A

epimysium

40
Q

the connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

A

perimysium

41
Q

the deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibrers

A

endomysium

42
Q

connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

A

tendons

43
Q

the functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments

A

sacromere

44
Q

the contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

A

neural activation

45
Q

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it connects to

A

motor unit