Chapter 2- Body Structures

Question 1

Chondr/o

Answer 1

Cartilage.

Chrondroma- tumor composed of cartilage

Question 2

Cyt/o

Answer 2

Cell.

Cytometer- instrument for counting and measuring cells

Question 3

Hist/o

Answer 3

Tissue.

Histolysis- separation destruction or loosening of tissue. (-lysis :separation, destruction, or loosening).

Question 4

Nucle/o

Answer 4

Nucleus.

Nuclear- pertaining to the nucleus

Question 5

Anter/o

Answer 5

Anterior, front.

Question 6

Caud(o)

Answer 6

Tail.

Caudad- toward the tail, in a posterior direction
-ad : toward

Question 7

Dist/o

Answer 7

Far, farthest

Distal- pertaining to a point farthest from the center, a medial line, or the trunk; opposed to proximal

Question 8

Dors/o

Answer 8

Back (of body)

Distal- pertaining to the back or posterior of body.

Question 9

Infer/o

Answer 9

Lower, below

Inferior- pertaining to below or lower; toward the tail.

(-ior: pertaining to)

Question 10

Later/o

Answer 10

Side. To one side.

Lateral- pertaining to the side

Question 11

Medi/o

Answer 11

Middle.

Pertaining to the middle

Question 12

Poster/o-

Answer 12

Back (of the body), behind, posterior.

Pertaining to or toward the rear or caudal end

(-ior: pertaining to)

Question 13

Proxim/o

Answer 13

Near, nearest.

Proximal- nearest to the point of attachment, center of the body, or point of reference.

Question 14

Super/o

Answer 14

Upper, above.

Superior- pertaining to above or higher; toward the head.

Question 15

Ventr/o

Answer 15

Belly, belly side.

Ventral- pertaining to the belly side or front of the body.

Question 16

-ad

Answer 16

Toward

Mediad- toward the middle or center

Question 17

-logist.

Answer 17

Specialist in the study of

Question 18

-logy

Answer 18

Study of

Question 19

-lysis

Answer 19

Separation, destruction, loosening.

Cytolysis- destruction, dissolution, or separation of a cell.

Question 20

-toxic

Answer 20

Poison.

Cytotoxic- substance that is detrimental or destructive to cells

Question 21

Pertaining to (suffixes)

Answer 21

• ac
• al
• ar
• ary
• eal
• iac
• ic
• ior
• out
• tic

Question 22

Anatomic position

Answer 22

Standing upright, face forward, arms at sides with palms forward, legs parallel and the feet slightly apart with toes pointing forward.

Question 23

Abdomin/o-

Answer 23

Abdomen.

Question 24

Cephal/o

Answer 24

Head..

Cephalad- toward the head

Question 25

Cervic/o

Answer 25

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)

Question 26

Crani/o

Answer 26

Cranium, skull.

Question 27

Gastr/o

Answer 27

Stomach.

Question 28

Ili/o

Answer 28

Ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

Question 29

Inguin/o

Answer 29

Groin.

Question 30

Lumb/o

Answer 30

Loins, lower back Lumbar- pertaining to the loin area or lower back.

Question 31

Spin/o

Answer 31

Spine.

Question 32

Thorac/o

Answer 32

Chest. Thoracic- pertaining to the chest.

Question 33

Umbilic/o

Answer 33

Umbilicus, navel.

Question 34

Three Major Body planes: Median(midsagittal) Frontal (coronal) Horizontal (transverse)

Answer 34

Median (midsagittal) - divides the body into two equal halves. Chest is divided into equal right and left sides. Frontal (coronal) - divides body in half from front to back. Commonly used to take anteroposterior chest X-ray, where beam enters on anterior side of body and exits posterior. Horizontal (transverse)- runs across the body from right to left dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions.

Question 35

Two major cavities of the body- Dorsal and ventral cavities. What are their subdivisions?

Answer 35

Dorsal: cranial and spinal Ventral: Thoracic and abdominopelvic

Question 36

Diaphragm

Answer 36

Dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing. Separates thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity.

Question 37

Epi-

Answer 37

Above, on Epigastric. Pertaining to region above or on the stomach

Question 38

Adhesion-

Answer 38

Band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other.

Question 39

Inflammation

Answer 39

Protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

Question 40

Sepsis

Answer 40

Body's inflammatory response to infection, in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low BP.

Question 41

Endoscopy-

Answer 41

visual examination of the interior organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope.

Question 42

pelv/o, pelv/i

Answer 42

pelvis