Chapter 2 - Chemical Basis of Life

Question 1

What is matter?

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space

Question 2

The atomic number of an element

Answer 2

The number of protons

Question 3

Atomic weight

Answer 3

Number of protons plus the number of neutrons

Question 4

What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?

Answer 4

They become ions with a charge

Question 5

Formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled out shells

Answer 5

Covalent bonds

Question 6

Formed when two or more atoms combine

Answer 6

Molecules

Question 7

Substances that release ions in water

Answer 7

Electrolytes

Question 8

Electrons that release hydrogen ions in water

Answer 8

Acids

Question 9

Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water

Answer 9

Bases

Question 10

pH scale range

Answer 10

0-14

Question 11

pH of 7

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

pH > 7

Answer 12

Base

Question 13

pH < 7

Answer 13

Acid

Question 14

An important solvent in which most metabolic reactions occur

Answer 14

Water

Question 15

Provide much of the energy that cells require, contribute to cell structure, and are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 15

Carbohydrates

Question 16

Insoluble in water, supply energy, build cell parts and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Answer 16

Lipids

Question 17

Complex ring structures, includes cholesterol, which is used to synthesize the sex hormones

Answer 17

Steroids

Question 18

Speed chemical reactions without being consumed

Answer 18

Enzymes

Question 19

The building blocks of proteins

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

Genetic material, control cellular activities

Answer 20

Nucleic Acids

Question 21

Store information that cell parts use to construct specific protein molecules

Answer 21

DNA molecules

Question 22

Help synthesize proteins

Answer 22

RNA molecules