Chapter 9 - Nervous System

Question 1

Mass of sensory neuron cell bodies in dorsal root of spinal nerve

Answer 1

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 2

Portion of nervous system that controls actions of viscera and skin

Answer 2

Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Membranous sacs within cytoplasm of nerve cells that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces

Answer 3

Nissl bodies

Question 4

Muscle or gland that responds to stimulation

Answer 4

Effector

Question 5

Autonomic nerve fiber on proximal side of a ganglion

Answer 5

Preganglionic fiber

Question 6

Difference in electrical charge between inside and outside of an undisturbed nerve cell membrane

Answer 6

Resting potential

Question 7

Pertaining to the spinal cord or to the vertebral canal

Answer 7

Spinal nerve

Question 8

Nerve impulses arriving at the same neuron

Answer 8

Convergence

Question 9

Region of brain from which impulses to muscles or glands originate

Answer 9

Motor area

Question 10

Portion of autonomic nervous system that arises from brain and sacral region of spinal cord

Answer 10

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

Cavity containing marrow within diaphysis of long bone

Answer 11

Medullary cavity

Question 12

Inner portion of adrenal gland

Answer 12

Adrenal medulla

Question 13

Small structure in central part of brain

Answer 13

Pineal gland

Question 14

Small region of brain stem between diencephalon and pons

Answer 14

Midbrain

Question 15

Portion of brain stem that controls breathing depth and rate

Answer 15

Respiratory center

Question 16

Nerve composed of sensory nerve fibers

Answer 16

Sensory nerve

Question 17

Sensory branch of spinal nerve by which nerve joins spinal cord

Answer 17

Dorsal root

Question 18

Tube within spinal cord that is continuous with brain ventricles and contains cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 18

Central canal

Question 19

Loss of negative electrical charge from inner membrane surface

Answer 19

Depolarization

Question 20

Nerve fiber that transmits impulses toward neuron cell body

Answer 20

Dendrite

Question 21

Groups of nerve fibers that carry nerve impulses from brain through spinal cord

Answer 21

Descending tracts

Question 22

Mass of neuron cell bodies, usually outside central nervous system

Answer 22

Ganglion (plural, ganglia)

Question 23

Neuron between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron

Answer 23

Interneuron

Question 24

Fatty material that forms sheathlike covering around some nerve fibers

Answer 24

Myelin

Question 25

Sheath formed from Schwann cell on outside of some nerve fibers

Answer 25

Neurilemma

Question 26

Elevation of a structures surface caused by infolding of structure upon itself

Answer 26

Convolution

Question 27

Nerve pathway, consisting of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron, that forms the structural and functional bases for a reflex

Answer 27

Reflex arc

Question 28

Decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel

Answer 28

Vasodilation

Question 29

Nerve fiber that conducts nerve impulse away from neuron cell body

Answer 29

Axon

Question 30

Nerve fiber that secretes norepinephrine at the axon terminal

Answer 30

Adrenergic fiber

Question 31

Autonomic nerve fiber on distal side of a ganglion

Answer 31

Postganglionic fiber

Question 32

A neuron sending impulses to multiple other neurons

Answer 32

Divergence

Question 33

These cells fill spaces, support neurons, provide structural frameworks, produce myelin, and carry on phagocytosis.

Answer 33

Neuroglial cells

Question 34

Small cells that phagocytize bacterial cells and cellular debris

Answer 34

Microglial cells

Question 35

Form myelin in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes

Question 36

They are near blood vessels and support structures, aid in metabolism, and respond to brain injury by filling in spaces

Answer 36

Astrocytes

Question 37

Cover the inside of ventricles and form choroid plexuses within the ventricles

Answer 37

Ependyma

Question 38

They are the myelin-producing neuroglia of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 38

Schwann cells

Question 39

Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells

Answer 39

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 40

They have many nerve fibers arising from their cell bodies and are commonly found in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 40

Multipolar neurons

Question 41

Found in the eyes, nose, and ears, and have a single axon and a single dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body.

Answer 41

Bipolar neurons

Question 42

Found in ganglia outside the CNS and have an axon and a dendrite arising from a single short fiber extending from the cell body

Answer 42

Unipolar neurons

Question 43

Afferent neurons, they conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the CNS and are usually unipolar.

Answer 43

Sensory neurons

Question 44

Multipolar neurons that conduct impulses fro the CNS to effectors

Answer 44

Motor neurons

Question 45

The junction between two communicating neurons

Answer 45

Synapse

Question 46

The process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 46

Synaptic transmission

Question 47

A deep ridge of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres

Answer 47

Corpus callosum

Question 48

Masses of gray matter located deep within the cerebral hemispheres that relay motor impulses from the cerebrum and help to control motor activities by producing inhibitory dopamine

Answer 48

Basal ganglia

Question 49

Include the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus

Answer 49

Basal ganglia

Question 50

Lies above the brain stem and contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

Answer 50

Diencephalon

Question 51

Functions in sorting and directing sensory information arriving from other parts of the nervous system, performing the services of both messenger and editor

Answer 51

Thalamus

Question 52

Maintains homeostasis by regulating a wide variety of visceral activities and by linking the endocrine system with the nervous system

Answer 52

Hypothalamus

Question 53

Controls emotional experience and expression

Answer 53

Limbic system

Question 54

What does the brain stem consist of?

Answer 54

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata

Question 55

Contains bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that convey impulses to and from higher parts of the brain, and masses of gray matter that serve as reflex centers

Answer 55

Midbrain

Question 56

Transmits impulses between the brain and spinal cord, and contains centers that regulate the rate and depth of breathing

Answer 56

Pons

Question 57

Transmits all ascending and descending impulses between the brain and spinal cord

Answer 57

Medulla Oblongata

Question 58

Houses nuclei that control visceral functions, including the cardiac center that controls heart rate, the vasomotor center for blood pressure control, and the respiratory center that works, along with the pons to control the rate and depth of breathing. Other nuclei hear are associated with coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting.

Answer 58

Medulla Oblongata

Question 59

Throughout the brain stem, hypothalamus, cerebrum, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, a complex network of nerve fibers connecting tiny islands of gray matter

Answer 59

Reticular formation

Question 60

Decreased activity here results in sleep, increased activity here results in wakefulness. Also filters incoming sensory impulses

Answer 60

Reticular formation

Question 61

Made up of two hemispheres connected by a vermis

Answer 61

Cerebellum

Question 62

Functions to integrate sensory information about the position of body parts and coordinates skeletal muscle activity and maintains posture.

Answer 62

Cerebellum