Larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones, a process requiring energy
Anabolic reactions
Larger molecules are broken down, releasing energy
Catabolic reactions
The bond between two amino acids
Peptide bond
The capacity to do work
Energy
Cellular Respiration consists of
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Train
A sequence of enzyme controlled reactions
Metabolic pathway
Contains the genetic code needed for the synthesis of each protein required by the cell
DNA
A portion of DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a single protein
Gene
What does Adenine pair with?
Thymine
What does Cytosine pair with?
Guanine
Single stranded and Ribose rather than Deoxyribose and Uracil rather than Thymine
RNA molecules
mRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleus in a sequence complementary to the DNA template
Transcription
A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA
Codon
mRNA move out of the nucleus and associate with ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the protein will be constructed
Translation
Molecule produced when adenosine triphosphate loses terminal phosphate
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
Organic molecule that stores and releases energy for use in cellular processes
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Aerobic respiration
Phase of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen
Anaerobic respiration
Three contiguous nucleotides of a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to a specific mRNA
Anticodon
Cellular process that releases energy from organic compounds
Cellular respiration
Series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy; Krebs cycle
Citric acid cycle
Nonprotein organic molecule required for the activity of a particular enzyme
Coenzyme
Small molecule or ion that must combine with an enzyme for activity
Cofactor
Anabolic process that joins small molecules; synthesis
Dehydration synthesis
Molecule composed of two joined amino acids
Dipeptide
Enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions
Hydrolysis
Type of compound produced during fat catabolism
Ketone body
Agent that can cause mutations
Mutagen
Process by which oxygen combines with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of reduction
Oxidation