Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

Larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones, a process requiring energy

Answer 1

Anabolic reactions

Question 2

Larger molecules are broken down, releasing energy

Answer 2

Catabolic reactions

Question 3

The bond between two amino acids

Answer 3

Peptide bond

Question 4

The capacity to do work

Answer 4

Energy

Question 5

Cellular Respiration consists of

Answer 5

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Train

Question 6

A sequence of enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 6

Metabolic pathway

Question 7

Contains the genetic code needed for the synthesis of each protein required by the cell

Answer 7

DNA

Question 8

A portion of DNA molecule that contains the genetic information for making a single protein

Answer 8

Gene

Question 9

What does Adenine pair with?

Answer 9

Thymine

Question 10

What does Cytosine pair with?

Answer 10

Guanine

Question 11

Single stranded and Ribose rather than Deoxyribose and Uracil rather than Thymine

Answer 11

RNA molecules

Question 12

mRNA molecules are synthesized in the nucleus in a sequence complementary to the DNA template

Answer 12

Transcription

Question 13

A triplet of nucleotides in mRNA

Answer 13

Codon

Question 14

mRNA move out of the nucleus and associate with ribosomes in the cytoplasm where the protein will be constructed

Answer 14

Translation

Question 15

Molecule produced when adenosine triphosphate loses terminal phosphate

Answer 15

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 16

Organic molecule that stores and releases energy for use in cellular processes

Answer 16

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 17

Phase of cellular respiration that requires oxygen

Answer 17

Aerobic respiration

Question 18

Phase of cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Answer 18

Anaerobic respiration

Question 19

Three contiguous nucleotides of a transfer RNA molecule that are complementary to a specific mRNA

Answer 19

Anticodon

Question 20

Cellular process that releases energy from organic compounds

Answer 20

Cellular respiration

Question 21

Series of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy; Krebs cycle

Answer 21

Citric acid cycle

Question 22

Nonprotein organic molecule required for the activity of a particular enzyme

Answer 22

Coenzyme

Question 23

Small molecule or ion that must combine with an enzyme for activity

Answer 23

Cofactor

Question 24

Anabolic process that joins small molecules; synthesis

Answer 24

Dehydration synthesis

Question 25

Molecule composed of two joined amino acids

Answer 25

Dipeptide

Question 26

Enzymatically adding a water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions

Answer 26

Hydrolysis

Question 27

Type of compound produced during fat catabolism

Answer 27

Ketone body

Question 28

Agent that can cause mutations

Answer 28

Mutagen

Question 29

Process by which oxygen combines with another chemical; the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons; opposite of reduction

Answer 29

Oxidation