Chapter 3 - Cells

Question 1

What are the three main parts of a cell?

Answer 1

Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane

Question 2

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, participates in signal transduction, and helps cells adhere to other cells

Answer 2

Cell Membrane

Question 3

It is extremely thin and selectively permeable

Answer 3

Cell Membrane

Question 4

Consists of a clear liquid (Cytosol), a supportive Cytoskeleton, and networks of membranes and organelles

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Made up of membranes, flattened sacs, and vesicles, and provides a tubular transport system inside the cell

Answer 5

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 6

Contains Ribosomes, supports protein synthesis

Answer 6

Rough ER

Question 7

Lacks Ribosomes, synthesizes proteins and carbohydrates

Answer 7

Smooth ER

Question 8

Found with ER and are scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Composed of protein and RNA and provide a structural support for the RNA molecules that come together in protein synthesis

Answer 8

Ribosomes

Question 9

Composed of flattened sacs, and refines, packages, modifies, and delivers proteins

Answer 9

Golgi Apparatus

Question 10

The powerhouses of the cell, contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration. The inner membrane is folded into christae which hold the enzymes needed in energy transformations to make ATP

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

The “garbage disposals” of the cell, contain digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria

Answer 11

Lysosomes

Question 12

Contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and detoxification of alcohol

Answer 12

Peroxisomes

Question 13

Thin, threadlike structures that serve as the cytoskeleton of the cell

Answer 13

Microfilaments and Microtubules

Question 14

Made of actin, cause various cellular movements

Answer 14

Microfilaments

Question 15

Made of the globular protein Tubulin, arranged in a 9+2 pattern

Answer 15

Microtubules

Question 16

A structure made up of two hollow cylinders called centrioles that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division

Answer 16

Centrosome

Question 17

Motile extensions from the cell

Answer 17

Cilia and Flagella

Question 18

Form by part of the cell membrane folding inward and pinching off. Contains substances that recently entered the cell or that are to be secreted from the cell

Answer 18

Vesicles

Question 19

A small, dense body composed of RNA and protein and is the site of ribosome production

Answer 19

Nucleolus

Question 20

Consists of loosely coiled fibers of protein and DNA called Chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

Caused by the random motion of molecules and involves the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to one of lesser concentration until equilibrium is reached

Answer 21

Diffusion

Question 22

Uses membrane proteins that function as carriers to move molecules (such as glucose) across the cell membrane

Answer 22

Facilitated diffusion

Question 23

A special case of diffusion in which water moves from an area of greater water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration

Answer 23

Osmosis

Question 24

The ability of osmosis to lift a body of water

Answer 24

Osmotic pressure

Question 25

A solution with the same osmotic pressure as body fluids

Answer 25

Isotonic

Question 26

A solution with higher osmotic pressure than body fluids

Answer 26

Hypertonic

Question 27

A solution with lower osmotic pressure than body fluids

Answer 27

Hypotonic

Question 28

The process by which molecules can be forced through membranes because of hydrostatic pressure

Answer 28

Filtration

Question 29

Uses ATP to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration through carrier molecules in cell membranes

Answer 29

Active transport

Question 30

Molecules that are too large to be transported by other means are engulfed by the cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle

Answer 30

Endocytosis

Question 31

Secretes a substance stored in a vesicle from the cell

Answer 31

Exocytosis

Question 32

Three forms of endocytosis

Answer 32

Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 33

A cell engulfs droplets of fluid from its surroundings (cell drinking)

Answer 33

Pinocytosis

Question 34

Cell engulfs and digests solids (cell eating)

Answer 34

Phagocytosis

Question 35

Allows the cell to take in very specific molecules (Ligands) that pair up with specific receptors on the cell surface

Answer 35

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 36

The Cell Cycle

Answer 36

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, Differentiation

Question 37

Phases of Mitosis

Answer 37

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 38

Results in the DNA condensing into chromosomes, centrioles migrating to the poles, microtubules of the cytoskeleton reorganizing into spindle fibers, and the disappearance of the nuclear membrane

Answer 38

Prophase

Question 39

Occurs as spindle fibers attach to centromeres on the chromosomes and the chromosomes align midway between centrioles

Answer 39

Metaphase

Question 40

Occurs as the spindle fibers contract and pull the sister chromatids toward the centrioles

Answer 40

Anaphase

Question 41

Begins when the chromosomes have completed their migrations, the nuclear envelope reappears, and the chromosomes begin to unwind

Answer 41

Telophase

Question 42

The process by which cells develop into different types of cells with specialized functions

Answer 42

Differentiation

Question 43

Retain the ability to divide without specialization

Answer 43

Stem cells

Question 44

Daughters of stem cells that are partially specialized

Answer 44

Progenitor cells

Question 45

A form of cell death that is a normal part of development

Answer 45

Apoptosis