Chapter 2 Chemical Level of Organization Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
The Atom is a Basic Particle ____ Matter
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2
Q
Atom has equal number of Protons ____ Electrons
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3
Q
Electrons Occupy ________ Electron Shell
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4
Q
Subatomic Particles _____ the smallest basic form
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5
Q
Atoms with Same Element that contain Diff number of neutrons _______ Isotopes
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6
Q
Mass _________ Total weight of Protons and Neutrons Electrons
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7
Q
Decay of a Radioisotope ________ Half Life
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8
Q
The Atomic Weight ____ Number of Protons & Neurons and Electrons
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9
Q
There ______ up to 8 Energy levels of Electrons
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10
Q
Outer Most Energy Level of a atom ______ the Valence Shell
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11
Q
Valance Unfilled has uneven # of electrons
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12
Q
A Valance is Filled with even number of electrons
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13
Q
Chemical Bond are Formed by Interactions
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14
Q
Non Active Chemical Properties are Inert
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15
Q
Inert Gases have filled Valences
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16
Q
Hydrogen and Lithium have Unfilled Valences
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17
Q
A Chemical Bond is formed by interactions
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18
Q
Molecular Weight is The sum of atomic weight of the component atoms
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19
Q
A group of Atoms with a Electrical Charge is a Ion
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20
Q
A Ionic Bond Created by a Electrical Attraction
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21
Q
Atoms that share Electrons with other Atoms a Covalent Bond
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22
Q
3 Chemical Bonds are Ionic, Covalent and Hydrogen
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23
Q
A Single Covalent Bond Shares 1 pair of Electrons
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24
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Double Covalent Bond Shares 2 pair of Electrons
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25
Name a Double Covalent Bond, Carbon Dioxide
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Triple Covalent Bonds does contain 2 Neutrons
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79% of the Atmosphere is Molecular Nitrogen
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H2O is a Covalent Bond
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Non Polar Covalent Bond is Very strong
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Non Polar Covalent Bond have Shared Electrons
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A Non Polar Covalent Bond is lectrically Neutral
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A Polar Covalent Bond has more neg charge than pos
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Water is the Most Important Polar Molecule
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Hydrogen is too weak to create Molecules
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Hydrogen bond is the Most Important for life
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Neg charge, more electrons than protons, stronger atom takes electrons from weaker atom
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3 States of Matter are Liquid, Solid, and Gas
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Liquid has a Constant Volume and has no set Shape
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Solids keep their Volume and their Shape
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Gas has no constant volume and no fixed Shape
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Ionic and Covalent are Chemical Bonds
Are
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Ionic and Covalent Bonds Share Electrons
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Liquid, Solid matter and Gas is a Hydrogen Bond
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Hydrogen Bond are Polar Bonds
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Polar atoms are stronger atoms
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Water is Most Important Polar Molecule
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Hydrogen Bond is most important to life. Are solid, liquid and gas polar bonds
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hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules
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Energy is Capacity to do work
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Kinetic Energy is Energy of motion that can be transferred
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Potential Energy is Stored Energy
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Potential Energy is converted to Kinetic Energy
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Metabolism is Reactants and products
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Heat cannot be completely converted __ work
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Cells do work to convert energy
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Potential Energy converted to Kinetic Energy creates heat
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four types of Chemical Reactions are Decomposition, Synthesis, Exchange and Reversible
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Decomposition of water is (AB -- A+B) Hydrolysis Reaction
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Hydrolysis Reaction breaks down molecules by adding water.
of
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Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules in the Cell
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Catabolism is released energy to perform work for Growth, movement and Reproduction
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A Synthesis Reaction is (A+B --- AB) the opposite of a Decomposition Reaction
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Synthesis Reaction combines smaller molecules into larger molecules (A+B --- AB)
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Dehydration Synthesis forms Complex Molecules Opposite of Hydrolysis (AH+BOH = AB+H20)
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Exchange Reaction is reacting Molecules are shuffle around to Produce New Products
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Reversible Reaction is chemical reaction that can go either way (AB---AB)
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Molecular Formula (6 carbon, 12 hydorgen, 6 oxygen - C6H12O6
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4 Types of Chemical Reaction are Decomposition, Synthesis, Exchange and Reversible
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Enzymes catalyze to speed up a reaction
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Activation Energy is the amount of energy to start a Reaction
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Enzymes Promote Reactions by lowering the required Activation Energy
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Enzymes only affect the rate of Reaction
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Reversible Chemical Reaction can can go both ways
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Synthesis Raction is opposite of Decomposition (A+B -- AB)
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Organic Compounds contain Carbon
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Inorganic Compounds lack Carbon
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Nutrients and Metabolites are classes of compounds
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Activation Energy is the amount of energy needed to start a reaction
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Water is over two thirds of your body weight
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Water is a solvent with high heat capacity and acts as a lubricant
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Water has Pos and Neg Charged ends
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Hydrophilic molecules love water
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Hydrophobic molecules fear water
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Water is a solvent to solute or dissolve, make a solution
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Hydrogen is the PH
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Neutral PH is 7, equal amounts , 1:1
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Acidic PH is below 7, PH 1:0
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Alkaline PH is above 7
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7.35 - 7.45 is the normal range of PH
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Water is solvent, high heat capacity and is a lube, Neutral PH
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Electrolytes, Inorganic Ions, do conduct Electricity
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Denaturation Body Temp + PH will effect Enzymes Function
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Buffers are Proteins to stabilize PH (antacid - neutralizes), weak acid to control PH
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Monomers are a single unit, glucose and fructose
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Carbohydrates are Organic molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Glucose is the most important Fuel for the body
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Monosaccharides are source for immediate energy, Disaccharides are stored energy
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Glucose is the most important fuel, ATP is Chem Molecule stores Energy. ADP is converted for Kinetic Energy
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Saturated Fatty Acid is a Single Covalent Bond
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Unsaturated Fatty Acid is a Double Covalent Bond, MonoSaturated - One DBL Bond, Ploy is more than one dbl bond
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Hormones are Chemical Messengers that effect distant parts of the body
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Fatty Acids are Hydrophilyic is loves water, contain Carbon, 02 and hydrogen
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Triglycerides are a energy Source
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Lipids are fatty acids with long carbon chains with Hydrogen
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Fat around the Liver will Protect and cushion the Liver
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Triglycerides is Glycerol + 3, Fatty Acid, Diglyceride - Gly + 2 FA, Mono is Gly + one
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Amino Acids are the most abundant protein Organic Molecule
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All Proteins contain Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon
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Proteins Speed up Reaction, they Catalyze
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Proteins are responsible for movement in muscle cells
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Proteins bind substances to transport in the Blood
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Protein protects against dangerous Changes in the body PH
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Proteins can be enzymes to speed up chemical reaction
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Proteins can be Hormones that influence organs and organ systems
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Proteins are most abundant organic molecule
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Protein have Primary, secondary, tertiary and quantirnary structures
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Primary Structure is a polypeptide bond, Peptides Are Bonds
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Secondary Structure is not a function. Hydrogen atoms
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Tertiary Structure gives protein its Shape, First functional structure
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Quaternary Structure is a interaction between polypeptide chains, Hemoglobin
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Globular Proteins are Most enzymes, hormones and other molecules in the blood
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Fibrous Proteins tough insoluble form of structure
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Protein Percentage of the Body, 20%
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Cofactor __is__ a Ion or Molecule that binds to a enzyme
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Coenzymes are Non Protein and Non Organic Molecule
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Enzymes work better in specific temps and PH values or levels
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GlycoProtein is a combo of small Carbohydrates and Large Protein
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Denaturation of Enzymes (temperature) and PH allows enzymes to work better
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Dioxyribonucleic Acid is DNA
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Ribonucleic Acid is RNA, types - mRNA (messenger, tRNA (transfer), and rRNA (ribosomial)
RNA
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DNA and RNA control tells body how to make Proteins
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DNA and RNA are Nitrogenous, Nucleotides Hydrogen bonds and Holds together
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Proteins support Structure
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Proteins are responsible for movement in cells
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Proteins defend against dangerous changes in PH
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Substrates bind to active enzymes and alter shape
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ATP is high energy compounds used by cells
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suffix "ase" means it's an enzyme
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Hydrogen bonds will make ATP
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Nuceliotides are hydrogen bonds
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Nucleic Acids RNA and DNA are long chains of nucleotides
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Quaternary structure develops when polypeptides form larger molecules. Hemoglobin is Quaternary
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Tertiary Structure is coiling and folding of a polypeptide
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Acid - Proton Donor adds Hydrogen Ion, Base - Proton Acceptor - Removes Hydrogen Ions
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Salt - Solute that Dissociates into Cations and Anions
