Quiz Questions and Answers Flashcards
1
Q
If the definition of Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body, then what is an example?
A
Neurons
2
Q
Types of anatomical study consists of a field of study called Cytology. This is anatomy using a
A
Microscope to look at cells
3
Q
The single most independent form of life can be characterized in the
A
Cell
4
Q
_____ is the organism’s response to change in its environment.
A
Responsiveness
5
Q
____, for an organism, can be internal or external.
A
Movement
6
Q
_______ can cause the organism to become bigger and their cells to become more organized.
A
Growth and differentiation
7
Q
Metabolism refers to _____ in the body.
A
Chemical reactions
8
Q
The _____ system is the first barrier defense against pathogens and separates the inside from the outside.
A
Integument
9
Q
The _______ system deals with direct stimuli and activities
A
Nervous
10
Q
The ____ system regulates hormones.
A
Endocrine
11
Q
The ______ system deals with support, movement and heat.
A
Muscular
12
Q
The ____ system works with absorbing nutrients and processing food.
A
Digestive
13
Q
The ______ system absorbs water from tissues to prevent edema.
A
Lymphatic
14
Q
The _____ system removes waste from the body.
A
Urinary
15
Q
The ______ system provides gas exchange.
A
Respiratory
16
Q
The body stores energy in a molecule called _______.
A
ATP
17
Q
_____ energy is like a boulder setting atop of a cliff.
A
Potential
18
Q
____ is when H+ become numerous in a solution.
A
Acidity
19
Q
H20 <-> H+ + OH- means _____.
A
a. There are equal number of ions
b. The solution is neutral
Correct Answer
c. Both are true
20
Q
There are two organic compounds that are needed for life.
A
Proteins and carbohydrates
21
Q
To make a polymer you must use the _____ method to join two monomers together.
A
dehydration, Hydrolysis
22
Q
The major carbohydrate molecule that is stored in your body for energy is _____.
A
Glycogen
23
Q
A saturated fatty acid is “saturated” with ______.
A
Hydrogens
24
Q
The building blocks of proteins are ______.
A
Amino acids
25
There are 20 different amino acids that make up all of the proteins in life. Most proteins are over 100 amino acids in length. A length of amino acids with no shape is considered the _____ structure and is not functional.
Primary
26
The bonds that join the amino acids are called ______.
Peptide
27
A hemoglobin molecule is an example of a _____ structure
Quaternary
28
There are four stages of structures to a protein. The _____ structure becomes the first “functional” structure.
Tertiary
29
All amino acids have a different ____ group.
R
30
Unsaturated fatty acids are ____ at room temperature.
Liquid
31
What are the two classes of cells found in the human body?
sex cells and somatic cells
32
What are the two main lipids found in the structure of the plasmalemma
cholesterol and phospholipids
33
Centrioles __________.
have a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules
are found in all animal cells capable of undergoing cell division
are found in pairs, except during cell division
34
Hollow tubes in the cytoskeleton that give the cells strength and rigidity and anchor organelles are the __________.
microtubules
35
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is __________.
the site of protein synthesis
36
Lysosomes __________.
contain digestive enzymes
37
What type of ribosome can be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
membrane flow
38
The TCA cycle __________.
is aerobic
is important in ATP production
occurs inside mitochondria
39
Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules
Form the mitotic spindle.
40
Which of these statements about the cytoplasm and cytosol is FALSE?
The keratin filaments of skin cells are intermediate filaments.
41
Which of these statements about chromosome structure is FALSE?
The nucleoli contain genetic information for building the ribosomal RNA.
42
The process resulting in the assembly of a functional protein from messenger RNA is called __________.
translation
43
The process by which messenger RNA is formed from DNA is called __________.
transcription
44
There are 5 skin functions. Which one is not correct?
Storage of nutrients in the form of glycogen
45
“Epi” means ______.
Above
46
Follicles are considered a skin accessory.
False
47
The stratum ________ and are “stem cells” which replace the cells lost in the upper layers.
germinativum
48
When cells reach this layer they have quit dividing and start to make proteins keratin.
granulosum
49
Found only in thick skin of palms of hands and soles of feet.
lucidum
50
The layer that contains LangerHans cells.
Spinosum
51
The skin pigment that accounts for a yellowish color is due to ______.
Carotene
52
Skin cancer called Basal cell carcinoma starts in what layer of skin?
germinativum
53
The subcutaneous layer is NOT a part of the integument layer
vellus hairs
54
The ________ nerves surround the base so you can feel wind blow.
Root hair plexus
55
The other glands that are associated with skin are ______.
a. mammary glands
b. ceruminous glands
c. mucous glands
56
The lunula is located near the nail root.
True
57
The ____ is where the skin becomes thickened and shiny from scar tissue.
Keloid
58
The skeletal system has a protective function in that __________.
soft tissues and organs such as the heart and lungs are surrounded by the ribs and sternum
59
The diaphysis is connected to the epiphysis by the __________.
metaphysis
60
Spinal vertebrae are examples of __________.
irregular bones
61
The size and number of __________ vary among individuals.
sesamoid bones
sutural bones
62
The frontal bone is an example of a(n) __________.
flat bone
63
A chamber within a bone, usually filled with air, is called a _________
A sinus
64
Which of the following statements about bone markings is FALSE?
A tuberosity is a pointed process.
65
The mineral crystal found within the matrix of bone is called __________.
hydroxyapatite
66
Osteoblasts are __________.
involved in the production of new bone matrix
67
The removal of collagen fibers from bone would cause the bone to __________.
become less flexible
68
Osteoclasts __________.
remove bone matrix
69
Osteolysis is the __________.
removal of bone matrix by osteoclasts
70
What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
osteon
71
Perforating canals __________.
supply blood to the osteons
72
Skeletal muscle is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT __________.
production of vitamin D
73
Skeletal muscle functions in __________.
maintaining body temperature
74
What is the functional unit of the muscle fiber?
sarcomere
75
What is the membranous network that surrounds each myofibril?
sarcoplasmic reticulum
76
The command to contract is conducted throughout the muscle fiber by the __________.
transverse tubules
77
The part of the sarcomere that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments is the __________.
H band
78
Z lines __________.
mark the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres
79
For tropomyosin to be shifted off its position covering the active sites of G actin molecules, calcium ions must bind to which structure?
troponin
80
Which of the following descriptions of sarcomere components is FALSE?
The I band contains the zone of overlap at its center.
81
When Jennifer looks through the microscope at skeletal and cardiac muscles, she sees striations. What are these striations?
A bands and I bands
82
The junction between a muscle cell and the neuron innervating that cell is the __________.
neuromuscular junction
83
ACh is released from what structure?
synaptic terminal
84
Which of the following does NOT happen when the action potential reaches the synaptic terminal?
Potassium ions flood the intercellular space.
85
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in a contraction cycle?
active-site exposure, cross-bridge attachment, pivoting, cross-bridge detachment, myosin reactivation
86
What happens when the myosin head splits ATP into ADP and a phosphate group?
myosin reactivation
87
______ nerves are defined as nerves that are entering the CNS from the PNS.
Afferent
88
______ nerves are defined as nerves that are going out to the muscles and glands from the CNS.
Efferent
89
_____ can be categorized as belonging to the somatic, parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Effectors
90
The ______ nervous system takes care of the body without having to think about it.
Autonomic
91
The ______ nervous system deals mainly with skeletal muscles.
Somatic
92
_____ nervous system deals with the phenomenon of fight or flight.
sympathetic
93
_____ nervous system decreases the metabolic rate and is said to be rest and digest.
Parasympathetic
94
The _______ is the functional unit of the nervous system.
Neuron
95
The _______ is the space between the synaptic terminal and the post synaptic cell.
synaptic cleft
96
_____ neurons are mainly found working as motor impulses to skeletal muscle.
Multipolar
97
Proprioceptors are a type of motor neuron.
False
98
.Schwann cells are found in the CNS
False
99
______ cells are neuroglial cells that reside in the CNS and clean up the tissue by phagocytosis.
Microglia
100
________ are propagated changes in the “Transmembrane potential”, that once initiated affect an entire excitable membrane.
Action potential
101
The grey matter in the spinal cord is composed of _____.
Cell bodies
102
Going from the skull to the coccyx the types of nerves are in this order.
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral
103
The dorsal root ganglia _____
which contain the “cell bodies” of sensory neurons (brings information into spinal cord).
104
The definition of Spinal nerves is _____.
is when the “sensory” and “motor” roots are bound together.
105
The definition of Cauda equine is ________.
is formed by “filum terminale” and “ventral” and “dorsal root”.
106
The location of the dura mater is close against the cerebrum.
False
Dura Mater, Anachroid, Pia
Periosteal layer: Also known as the endosteal layer, this layer is closest to the skull bone and is made up of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
Meningeal layer: This layer is closest to the brain tissue
107
The arachnoid mater is called this because it means ____.
Spider
108
A spinal tap is used to check for a stroke. What are the doctors looking for?
A. Cloudy
b. Blood
c. epidermal cells
109
The Posterior grey horn contains _____.
contain somatic and visceral sensory nuclei.
110
The grey commissure contains _______.
connects posterior and anterior sections.
111
The anterior grey horns contain _______.
somatic motor nuclei only.
112
The _____ surrounds the fascicle of the nerve bundle.
Perineurium
113
The ____ nerve serves the back of the hand and the back of the thumb.
Radial
114
The _____ nerve serves the first three fingers and the palm.
Median
115
The ______ nerve serves the pinky and the ring finger and hand.
Ulnar
116
The translation of a stimulus into an action potential is known as _____.
transduction
117
Nociceptors are _____.
They are sensitive to _____.
pain receptors
extremes of temperature,mechanical damage, and chemicals released from injured cells
118
Distinguishing facts concerning tonic receptors include all of the following EXCEPT _____
tonic receptors are active for a short time whenever a change occurs in conditions monitored
119
A taste receptor is sensitive to dissolved chemicals but not to pressure or photons because _____.
each receptor type exhibits receptor specificity
120
Which type of tactile receptor gives you the most information about location size and shape of the source of stimulation?
tactile (Merkel) disc
121
Receptors that monitor conditions of internal organs are _____.
interoceptors
122
What type of fibers carry information about itch and tickle sensations?
unmyelinated Type C fibers
123
myelinated Type A fibers
large, heavily myelinated nerve fibers that are considered the fastest conducting nerve fibers in the body, carrying both sensory and motor information with high speed due to their thick myelin sheath
124
Baroreceptors are located in _____ and detect changes in _____.
major arteries; pressure
125
What would happen if the information from proprioceptors in your legs was blocked from reaching the CNS?
Your lower limb movements would be uncoordinated.
You wouldn’t know position or degree of stretch in tendons of your legs.
126
Neurotransmitters used by neurons that bring pain sensations into the CNS include _____.
glutamate
substance P
127
substance P
a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems
128
The cerebellum monitors proprioceptive information for which two senses?
vestibular and visual
129
If a sensation is to reach your conscious awareness, there must be a synapse with a _____ in the _____.
third-order neuron; thalamus
130
Which of the following has occurred if you no longer notice the smell of a dirty cat litter box?
central adaptation
131
If transduction does not occur, what do you perceive about a stimulus?
It is as though the stimulus did not take place and you feel nothing.
132
Somatic sensory pathways carry information from the _____ and the _____ of the head, neck, limbs, and body wall.
skin; muscles
133
