Chapter 2- motor diseases

Question 1

AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

Answer 1

1. Combined upper and lower motor neuron lesions
2. Damage to motor neurons of anterior horns. Lose motor nuclei CNV, IX, XXII
3. Demyelination of lateral corticospinal tracts
4. Results in denervation atrophy of muscles
5. Progressive and deadly
6. Genetic: mutation of gene that codes for cu-zn superoxide (SOD1) may be implicated
7. Treatment: Riluzole (decreases glutamate release)

Question 2

POLIOMYELITIS

Answer 2

1. Enteroviral infection that damages motor neurons of the anterior horns.
2. Pure LMN disease
3. Flaccid paralysis, atrophy, areflexia, fasciculation

Question 3

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

Answer 3

1. AD
2. Atrophy of caudate nucleus and putamen
3. Progressive dementia, behavioral changes, choreiform movements

Question 4

FRIEDRICH’S ATAXIA

Answer 4

1. AR, manifests in kids

2. Ataxia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, kyphoscoliosis, foot abnormalities, DM

Question 5

B12 DEFICIENCY

Answer 5

1. Subacute combined degeneration of dorsal and lateral spinal cords