Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > Chapter 2: Organization of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Organization of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

What are the individual units of the body called?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 4 types of cells within the body?

A

Muscle
Nerve
Skin (epithelial)
Bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are groups of similar cells called?

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are groups of organs working together called?

A

Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the function of the circulatory system?

What are the parts of this system?

A
  1. Transport blood throughout the body

2. Heart, blood, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?
What is lymph?
What parts of the body are involved?

A
  1. Fight against disease and play an important role in immunity
  2. Clear fluid containing white blood cells called lymphocytes
  3. Lymph vessels and lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many body systems are there?

A

11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 11 body systems?

A
  1. Circulatory
  2. Lymphatic
  3. Digestive
  4. Endocrine
  5. Female Reproductive
  6. Musculoskeletal
  7. Nervous
  8. Respiratory
  9. Skin and sense organs
  10. Urinary
  11. Male Reproductive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Bring food into the body and break it down so that it can enter the bloodstream.
Food that cannot be broken down is removed from the body at the end of the system as waste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the endocrine system?

A

To send chemical messengers called hormones into the blood to act on other glands and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the female and male reproductive systems?

A 
Produce cells (eggs and sperm) that join to form an embryo.
Male (testes) and female (ovary) sex organs produce hormones as well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

What are the parts of this system?

A

Support the body and allow it to move

Includes muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

Carry electrical messaged to and from the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Control breathing, a process by with air enters and leaves the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the skin and sense organ system?

A

Receive messages from the environment and send them to the brain
Includes skin, eyes, ears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A

Produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Order the 5 body cavities from superior to inferior, and anterior to posterior (if applicable)

A
  1. Cranial cavity
  2. Spinal cavity (posterior to pleural and abdominal cavities)
  3. Thoracic cavity
  4. Abdominal
  5. Pelvic cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

A

Diaphragm (muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
Describe the proximity of the following:
Larynx
Pharynx
Esophagus
Trachea
A

The pharynx is superior to the larynx, esophagus, and trachea.
The larynx is superior to the trachea. These two organs are anterior to the esophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cranial cavity

  1. What gross organs does it contain?
  2. Describe the cavities location
A
  1. Brain, pituitary gland

2. Located in the head, surrounded by the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thoracic cavity

  1. What gross organs does it contain?
  2. Describe the cavities location
A
  1. Lungs, heart, windpipe (trachea), bronchial tubes

2. Inferior to the head; within the chest and rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are pleura?

A

A double membrane that surrounds the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mediastinum? What organs does it contain?

A
  1. The area between the lungs

2. Heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the space between the pleural membranes called?

A

Pleural cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Crani/o
Skull
26
Thoracic/o
Chest
27
Abdominal cavity 1. What gross organs does it contain? 2. Describe the cavities location
1. Stomach, liver, gall bladder and small and large intestines 2. Inferior to the thoracic cavity
28
What is the peritoneum?
A double membrane surrounding the organs of the abdominal cavity This membrane attaches to the organs and abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place
29
Pelvic cavity 1. What gross organs does it contain? 2. Describe the cavities location
1. Urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum, anus, and uterus in females 2. Inferior to the abdominal cavity; surrounded by hip bones
30
Spinal cavity 1. What gross organs does it contain? 2. Describe the cavities location
1. Spinal cord | 2. Posterior to thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities; inferior to cranial cavity
31
What is the spinal column?
The vertebrae (backbones) surrounding the spinal cord from the neck to the tailbone
32
What is the function of the spinal cord?
To carry messages to and from all parts of the body
33
What is pleural effusion?
When fluid collects in the pleural cavity due to inflammation or disease to organs and membranes
34
What is ascites?
When fluid collects in the peritoneal cavity due to inflammation or disease to organs and membranes
35
What is a disc (disk)?
Cartilage that acts as a cushion between the backbones
36
How many bones are in each category of vertebrae? What are they numbered? 1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral 5. Coccygeal
1. Cervical = 7 bones; C1 - C7 2. Thoracic = 12 bones; T1 - T12 3. Lumbar = 5 bones; L1 - L5 4. Sacral = 5 fused bones; S1 - S5 5. Coccygeal = 5 fused bones (not numbered)
37
What are the three planes of the body?
Frontal/Coronal Plane Sagittal/Lateral Plane Transverse/Axial Plane
38
Describe the coronal plane. | Provide an alternative name for this plane.
Vertically divides the body into anterior and posterior portions Frontal Plane
39
Describe the lateral plane. | Provide an alternative name for this plane.
Vertical plane that divides the body into right and left sides Sagittal Plane
40
What is the difference between the sagittal and midsagittal plane?
Sagittal divides the body into right and left | Midsagittal divides the body into equal right and left halves
41
Describe the axial plane. | Provide an alternative name for this plane.
Horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior parts Transverse Plane, cross section
42
What does MRI stand for? What is it?
Magnetic resonance imaging Technique for producing images of the body; magnetic waves are used to create images which show organs and other structures in specialized detail in all 3 planes of the body
43
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
44
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
45
Anter/o
Front
46
-ior
Pertaining to
47
Anterior
Pertaining to the front
48
Bronch/o
bronchial tubes (leading from the trachea to the lungs)
49
Bronchoscopy
Process of visually examining the bronchial tubes
50
Cervic/o
Neck (of the body) or neck (of the cervix of the uterus)
51
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck of the body OR the neck of the uterus (cervix)
52
Chondr/o
Cartilage
53
Hypochondriac
“Pertaining to below the cartilage”; pertaining to the area below the abdominal region, the region below the cartilage of the ribs ALSO REFERS TO a person who experiences unusual anxiety about his or her health and has symptoms that cannot be explained
54
Coccyge/o
Coccyx (tailbone)
55
Coccygeal
Pertaining to the coccyx
56
-eal
Pertaining to
57
Epitheli/o
Skin | Surface tissue
58
Epithelial
Pertaining to the skin HOWEVER was first used to describe the surface of the nipple; more correctly, it describes the cells on the outer layer of the skin as well as the lining of internal organs that end to the outside of the body
59
Epi-
Upon
60
Theli/o
Nipple
61
Esophag/o
Esophagus (leads from pharynx to stomach)
62
Esophageal
Pertaining to the esophagus
63
Hepat/o
Liver
64
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
65
Lapar/o
Abdomen
66
Laryng/o
Larynx (voice box) | Sits superior to trachea
67
Laryngectomy
Removal or excision of part of the larynx
68
What is a lumbar puncture? What is an alternate name for it?
Patient lies on their side, knees tucked into chest, chin tucked into chest. Physician inserts a hollow needle between L4 and L5 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is withdrawn or medication is injected. Performing a lumbar puncture at this point avoids injury to the spinal cord. Also known as a spinal tap.
69
Later/o
Side
70
Lateral
Pertaining to the side
71
Lumb/o
loin (waist)
72
Lumbar
Pertaining to the waist
73
Lymph/o
Lymph | Clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph vessels
74
Lymphocyte
White blood cells that fight disease
75
What type of white blood cell is a B cell? What is its function?
Lymphocyte | Produces disease-fighting proteins called antibodies
76
Mediastin/o
Mediastinum (space between lungs)
77
Mediastinal
Pertaining to the mediastinum
78
Pelv/o
Pelvis (bones of the hip)
79
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
80
Peritone/o
Peritoneum (membrane surrounding abdominal organs)
81
Pharyng/o
Pharynx (throat; common passageways for food from the mouth and air from the nose)
82
Pleur/o
Pleura
83
Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
84
Pleurisies
Inflammation of the pleurae
85
Poster/o
Back | Behind
86
Posterior
Pertaining to the back or behind
87
What is a bolus?
A “mass”
88
What is the epiglottis and where is it located?
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea during swallowing so that the bolus of food or liquid can travel down the esophagus and not the trachea.
89
Sacr/o
Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)
90
Sacral
Pertaining to the sacrum
91
What is the difference between sacr/o and sarc/o?
Sacr/o refers to the sacrum whereas sarc/o refers to flesh
92
Spin/o
Spine (backbone)
93
Spinal
Pertaining to the spine
94
Thorac/o
Chest
95
Thoracotomy
Incision of the chest
96
Trache/o
Trachea
97
Vertebr/o
Vertebra
98
Tracheotomy
incision in the trachea; typically done when there is a blockage in the trachea. An emergency thoracotomy can be done with nearly any instrument—including the barrel of a pen with the inner part removed—to be used to keep the airway open (below the blockage)
99
What does CT stand for and what is it used for?
Computed Tomography An x-ray technique where a contrast fluid is injected into the body via IV and photographs of the body part are taken cross-sectionally
100
What is the difference between a CT scan and MRI in terms of planes of the images?
``` CT = transverse (cross sections) MRI = all 3 planes ```
101
What are 4 examples of double membranes?
1. Pleura of the lungs 2. Peritoneum of the abdomen 3. Pericardium of the heart 4. Meninges of the brain
102
What is the difference between the spinal column and the spinal cord?
Spinal column = bones | Spinal cord = nerves
103
What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions from superior to inferior, beginning from the right?
RIGHT Right hypochondriac Right lumbar Right inguinal MEDIAL Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric LEFT Left hypochondriac Left lumbar Left inguinal
104
What are the four quadrants of the abdominopelvic region from superior right clockwise to inferior right? What organs are in each?
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) = Liver, gallbladder, pancreas Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) = Stomach, spleen Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) = Descending colon, sigmoid Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) = Ileum, ascending colon
105
Which abdominopelvic regions are the middle lateral regions?
Right and left lumbar
106
Which abdominopelvic regions lie under the cartilage of ribs?
Right and left hypochondriac
107
The spleen is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
LUQ
108
The pancreas is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
RUQ
109
The appendix is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?
RLQ

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions