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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5:Medical Specialists and Case Reports > Flashcards

Chapter 5:Medical Specialists and Case Reports Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the requirements to become a doctor?

A

4 years of medical school then pass a national medical board exam. They then receive their MD or “Medicinae Doctor”.

Some receive postgraduate training (residency) which can last 3 years or more

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2
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Anesthesiology

A

Administration of agents capable or bringing about a loss or sensation

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3
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Dermatology

A

Diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders

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4
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Emergency medicine

A

Care of patients that requires sudden and immediate action

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5
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Family practice

A

Primary care of all members of the family on a continuing basis

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6
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Internal medicine

A

Diagnosis and treatment of usually complex disorders in adults

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7
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Ophthalmology

A

Diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

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8
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Pathology

A

Diagnosis of the cause and nature of disease

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9
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Pediatrics

A

Diagnosis and treatment of children’s disorders

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10
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Psychiatry

A

Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mind

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11
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Radiology

A

Diagnosis using X-ray studies including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

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12
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Surgery

A

Treatment by manual (SURG-means hand) or operative methods

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13
Q

What is fellowship training?

A

A 2-5 year program training doctors in clinical (patient care) and research (lab) skills

EX 1: An internist may choose to do a fellowship in specialties such as neurology, nephrology, endocrinology, and oncology.

EX 2: A surgeon may choose to specialize further in thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, or plastic surgery.

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14
Q

Describe the area of practice: Allergist

A

Treatment of hypersensitivity reactions

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15
Q

Describe the area of practice: Cardiologist

A

Treatment of heart disease

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16
Q

Describe the area of practice: Emergency Practitioner

A

Immediate evaluation and treatment of acute injury and illness in a hospital setting

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17
Q

Describe the area of practice: Geriatrician

A

Treatment of diseases of old age

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18
Q

Describe the area of practice: Gynecologist

A

Surgery and treatment for diseases of the female reproductive system

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19
Q

Describe the area of practice: Hematologist

A

Treatment of blood disorders

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20
Q

Describe the area of practice: Hospitalist

A

General medical care of hospitalized patients

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21
Q

Describe the area of practice: Infectious Disease Specialist

A

Treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, others)

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22
Q

Describe the area of practice: Internist

A

Comprehensive care for adults in office or hospital settings

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23
Q

Describe the area of practice: Nephrologist

A

Treatment of kidney diseases

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24
Q

Describe the area of practice: Oncologist

A

Diagnosis and medical treatment of malignant and benign tumors

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25
Describe the area of practice: Obstetrician
Treatment of pregnant women; delivery of babies
26
Describe the area of practice: Orthopedist
Surgical treatment of bone, muscle, and joint conditions
27
Describe the area of practice: Otolaryngologist
Surgical treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders
28
Describe the area of practice: Physiatrist
Treatment to restore function after illness; physical medical and rehabilitation specialist
29
Describe the area of practice: Pulmonologist
Treatment of lung diseases
30
Describe the area of practice: Radiation Oncologist
Treatment of disease with high-energy radiation
31
Describe the area of practice: Rheumatolgoist
Treatment of systemic diseases affecting joints and muscles
32
Describe the area of practice: Thoracic Surgeon
Surgery on chest organs
33
Describe the area of practice: Urologist
Surgery on the urinary tract and for treatment of male reproductive disorders
34
What are two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? Describe each
Ulcerative colitis: Confined to the colon Crohn’s Disease: Commonly effects last part of small intestine, but can involve any area of the gastrointestinal tract SYMPTOMS OVERLAP: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding from the rectum
35
Esthesi/o
Sensation
36
Anesthesiology (break down the word)
“The study of without sensation”
37
Ger/o
Old age
38
Iatr/o
Treatment (by a physician OR with medicines)
39
Iatrogenic
“Pertaining to new production”; An iatrogenic illness is produced adversely and unexpectedly by a treatment.
40
Lymphadenopathy
The presence of malignant cells in lymph nodes (glands)
41
What four areas are lymph nodes predominantly found?
1. Axillary 2. Inguinal 3. Cervical (neck) 4. Mediastinal
42
Nephrostomy
“Incision in kidney”; when a catheter is inserted into the kidney for drainage of fluid
43
Nos/o
Disease
44
Nosocomial
A nosocomial infection is acquired during hospitalization
45
Comi/o
Care for
46
Obstetr/o
Midwife
47
Obstetric
Pertaining to midwife
48
Odont/o
Tooth
49
Orth/o
Straight
50
Orthodontist
Literally means Specialist of straight teeth
51
Onc/o
Tumor
52
Oncogenic
“Pertaining to new tumor”; oncogenic viruses give rise to tumors
53
Opt/o
Eye
54
Metr/o
Measure
55
What is the difference between an ophthalmologist, optometrist, and optician?
OPHTHALMOLOGIST: Specialist in the diagnosis and treatment (including surgical) of eye disorders OPTOMETRIST: Specialist in the examination of the eye; can prescribe corrective lenses but CANNOT treat eye diseases OPTICIAN: Specialist in the grinding and fitting of lenses that CAN treat eye diseases
56
Optic/o
Eyes
57
Optician
Opticians grind lenses and fit glasses, and mat treat eye diseases
58
Ped/o
Child
59
Orthopedist
IN THE PAST orthopedists were concerned with straightening bone deformities in children. Today they treat bone, muscle, and joint disorders in adults as well.
60
Peridontist
“Specialist of surrounding teeth” (gums)
61
Endodontist
Dental specialist who can do root canal therapy
62
Pedodontist
Dental specialist for children
63
Prosth/o
Artificial replacement
64
Prosthodontist
Dental specialist of replacing missing teeth with artificial teeth
65
What is the difference between radiation and radiotherapy? Describe each.
They are the same! The radiotherapy machine is a large machine with a linear accelerator. The patient is positioned under this accelerator.
66
-cele
Hernia or protrusion
67
Rectocele
Hernia of the rectum into the vagina
68
Rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic inflammatory disease of joints and connective tissues that leads to deformation of the joints
69
What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?
RA: typically appears in young patients (usually women) and has an autoimmune component. OA: Often appears in older individuals and is marked by degenerative changes that cause destruction of the joint space
70
Vasculitis
Inflammation of the blood vessels
71
Angina
Condition of sharp pain and loss of blood flow to the heart
72
Angi/o
Blood vessel
73
Coronary angiogram
X-ray of blood vessels surrounding the heart
74
Spasm
Involuntary, sudden muscle contraction
75
Acute myocardial ischemia
Sudden decrease of blood flow to the heart
76
Ventricular arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart
77
Venule
Small vein
78
Diuretic
“Pertaining to through urine”; drug used to release excess water
79
Anticoagulant
Drug preventing clotting
80
What is the difference between a sonogram and ultrasound?
They are essentially two parts of the same picture. SONOGRAM: Record of sound waves after they bounce off organs of the body—in other words, it’s the product of an an ultrasound. ULTRASOUND: Sound waves with GREATER frequency than can be heard by the human ear are used to detect abnormalities by beaming these waves into the body and recording the echoes that reflect off the tissues; in other words, it’s the procedure that produces the sonogram.
81
Needle biopsy
Removal of living tissue for microscopic examination by inserting a hollow needle through the skin
82
Hodgkin disease
Malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
83
What is the difference between chemotherapy and radiotherapy?
CHEMOTHERAPY: Treatment with drugs. Most often used in the treatment of cancer. RADIOTHERAPY: Treatment of cancer with high-energy X-rays or particles
84
Fatigue
State of exhaustion or loss of strength
85
Renal calculus
Kidney stone
86
Lithotripsy
Process of crushing stone in the urinary tract using ultrasonic vibrations. Also called extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (EWSL)
87
Dyspepsia
Painful digestion
88
-pepsia
Digestion
89
Upper GI series
Barium is swallowed and X-ray images are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
90
Ulcer
Sore or defect in the surface of an organ; destruction of tissue
91
Posteroanterior
Pertaining to the direction from back to front
92
Hilum
Depression at the part of an organ where the blood vessels and nerves enter
93
Fixation
A holding of, sewing, or fastening a part in a fixed position
94
Fistula
Abnormal passageway from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs
95
Chronic renal failure
Recurring condition in which kidneys no longer function
96
Ateriovenus fistula
Abnormal connection between artery and vein
97
Unilateral frontal cephalagia
Headache occurring in one side of the frontal lobe
98
Migraine
Headache, usually on one side of the head, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light.
99
Scotoma
Defect in vision in a defined area (blind spot)

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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