Chapter 3: Suffixes Flashcards
1
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
2
Q
Amni/o
A
Amnion (sac of fluid surrounding an embryo)
3
Q
Angi/o
A
Vessel (usually blood vessel)
4
Q
Arteri/o
A
Artery
5
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
6
Q
Ather/o
A
Plaque (yellow, fatty material)
7
Q
Axill/o
A
Armpit (underarm)
8
Q
Bronch/o
A
Bronchial tube
9
Q
Bronchi/o
A
Bronchial tube
10
Q
Carcin/o
A
Cancerous
11
Q
Cardi/o
A
heart
12
Q
Chem/o
A
Drug
Chemical
13
Q
Cholecyst/o
A
Gall bladder
14
Q
Chron/o
A
Time
15
Q
Col/o
A
Large intestine (colon)
16
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
17
Q
Cry/o
A
Cold
18
Q
Cyst/o
A
Urinary bladder
19
Q
Electr/o
A
Electricity
20
Q
Encephal/o
A
Brain
21
Q
Erythr/o
A
Red
22
Q
Esophag/o
A
Esophagus
23
Q
Hem/o
A
Blood
24
Q
Hemat/o
A
Blood
25
Hepat/o
Liver
26
Hyster/o
Uterus
27
Inguin/o
Groin (area where trunk meets thigh)
28
Isch/o
To hold back
29
Lapar/o
Abdomen
30
Laryng/o
Larynx
31
Leuk/o
White
32
Mamm/o
Breast*
*Use with -ary, -graphy, -gram, plasty
33
Mast/o
Breast*
*Use with -ectomy, -itis
34
Men/o
Menses (menstruation)
| Month
35
Mening/o
Meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord)
36
My/o
Muscle
37
Myel/o
Spinal cord
OR
Bone marrow
38
Necr/o
Death (of cells)
39
Nephr/o
Kidney*
*Use with ALL suffixes except -al, -gram (use REN/O instead)
40
Neur/o
Nerve
41
Oophor/o
Ovary
42
Oste/o
Bone
43
Ot/o
Ear
44
Pelv/o
Hip area
45
Perintone/o
Peritoneum
46
Phleb/o
Vein
47
pneumon/o
Lung
48
Pulmin/o
Lung
49
Radi/o
X-rays
50
Ren/o
Kidney*
*Use ONLY WITH -al and -gram
51
Rhin/o
Nose
52
Salping/o
Fallopian tube (uterus)
53
Sarc/o
Flesh
54
Septic/o
Pertaining to infection
55
Thorac/o
Chest
56
Tonsill/o
Tonsil
57
Trache/o
Trachea
58
Ur/o
Urine or urea
| Urinary tract
59
Vascul/o
Blood vessel
60
-algia
condition of pain
| Pain
61
Arthralgia
Pain of the joint
62
Otalgia
Pain of the ear
63
Myalgia
Pain of the muscle
64
Neuralgia
Pain of the nerves
65
-emia
Blood condition
66
Septicemia
Blood condition of infection within blood; blood infections result when pathogens enter the blood from a wound; more serious version of bacteremia
67
Ischemia (isk-ee-mia)
“Blood condition of holding back”; ischemia of the heart muscle is when blood is held back from an area of the heart by an occlusion (blockage) or a coronary (heart) artery. The muscle loses its supply of oxygen and nutrition and, if the condition persists, dies. The death of the affected muscle is a myocardial infarction, otherwise known as a heart attack.
68
What causes a myocardial infarction?
Ischemia of the heart muscle; blood is held back from an area of the heart by an occlusion (blockage) or a coronary (heart) artery. The muscle loses its supply of oxygen and nutrition and, if the condition persists, dies. The death of the affected muscle is a myocardial infarction, otherwise known as a heart attack.
69
Bacteremia
Bacterial invasion of the blood with or without symptoms.
70
Uremia
“Blood condition of urea”; urea in blood
| Occurs when the kidneys fail to function and urea accumulates in the blood
71
-ia
Condition
72
Pneumonia
“Condition of the lungs”; when the lungs are inflamed, causing fluid and material to collect in the air sacs of the lung
73
-itis
Inflammation
74
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes
75
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophagus
76
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
77
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges
78
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
79
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
80
Colitis
Inflammation of the colon
81
What are the three layers of the meninges from superficial to deep?
1. Dura mater
2. Arachnoid
3. Pia mater
82
Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix
83
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursa/near a joint
84
Cellulitis
Inflammation of soft tissue under skin
85
Dermatitis
Inflammation of skin
86
Endocarditis
Inflammation within the inner lining of the heart
87
Epiglottitis
Inflammation of the epiglottis
88
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
89
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver (highly contagious!)
90
Myositis
Inflammation of the muscle
91
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
92
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow
93
Otitis
Inflammation of the ear
94
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
95
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
96
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein with a formation of clots
97
-megaly
Englargement
98
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the heart
99
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the lliver
100
-oma
Tumor or mass
101
Adenoma
A BENIGN tumor of the gland
102
Adenocarcinoma
A MALIGNANT tumor of the glands (which are composed of epithelial tissue - CARCIN/O)
103
Myoma
BENIGN tumor of the muscle
| Commonly occur in the uterus (known as fibroids)
104
What is a fibroid?
A myoma (benign tumor of the muscle) in the uterus
105
Myosarcoma
A cancerous tumor of the muscle tissue
| REMEMBER: Sarcomas are cancer of the connective tissue, which includes muscle, bone, cartilage, fat and fibrous tissue
106
Myeloma
“Tumor of the bone marrow”; malignant tumor of cells (called plasma cells) in the bone marrow
Also known as Multiple Myeloma
107
What are leiomyomas?
Uterine fibroids
108
Fibr/o
Fibrous muscle
109
Lip/o
Fat tissue
110
Melan/o
Pigmented cells in skin
111
Rhabdomy/o
Skeletal muscle
112
What are the four types of fibroids of the uterus?
| HINT: Think of their positioning on, in, or around the uterus
1. Pedunculated - “extensions” off the uterus
2. Subserosal - Lies just under the serosal (outermost) layer
3. Submucosal - Grows under the mucosal (innermost) layer
4. Intramural (mural means wall) - arise within the muscular uterine wall
113
TYPES OF SARCOMAS
1. Chondrosarcoma
2. Fibrosarcoma
3. Leimyosarcoma
4. Liposarcoma
5. Osteogenic sarcoma
6. Rhabdomyosarcoma
1. Chondrosarcoma - Cancer of the cartilage
2. Fibrosarcoma - Cancer of the fibrous tissue
3. Leimyosarcoma - Cancer of the visceral (smooth) muscle
4. Liposarcoma - Cancer of the fatty tissue
5. Osteogenic sarcoma - Cancer of the bone
6. Rhabdomyosarcoma - Cancer of the skeletal muscle
114
Leiymy/o
Visceral (smooth) muscle
115
MALIGNANT TUMORS WHOSE NAMES DO **NOT** CONTAIN THE COMBINING FORMS CARCIN/O OR SARC/O
1. Hepatoma
2. Lymphoma
3. Melanoma
4. Mesothelioma
5. Multiple Myeloma
6. Thymoma
1. Hepatoma - Malignant tumor of the liver
2. Lymphoma - Malignant tumor of the lymph nodes
3. Melanoma - Malignant tumor of the pigmented cells in the skin
4. Mesothelioma - Malignant tumor of the pleural cells
5. Multiple Myeloma - Malignant tumor of the bone marrow cells
6. Thymoma - Malignant tumor of the thymus gland
116
-osis
Condition
Abnormal condition
*When used with blood cell words, this means a slight INCREASE in the NUMBER of cells
117
Nephrosis
Abnormal condition of the kidney
118
Necrosis
Abnormal condition of cell death
119
-pathy
Disease condition
120
Encephalopathy
Disease condition of the brain
121
Cardiomyopathy
Disease condition of the heart muscle
| Chronic (ongoing) disease of heart muscle with inflammation and weakness
122
Nephropathy
Disease condition of the kidney
123
DISEASE CONDITIONS
1. Adenopathy
2. Adrenopathy
3. Hepatopathy
4. Lymphadenpathy
5. Myopathy
6. Neuropathy
7. Osteopathy
8. Retinopathy
1. Adenopathy - Disease condition of the LYMPH NODES (“glands”)
2. Adrenopathy - Disease condition of the ADRENAL glands
3. Hepatopathy - Disease condition of the liver
4. Lymphadenpathy - Disease condition of the lymph nodes
5. Myopathy - Disease condition of the muscles
6. Neuropathy - Disease condition of the nerves
7. Osteopathy - Disease condition of the bones
8. Retinopathy - Disease condition of the retina of the eye
124
-rrhea
Flow
| Discharge
125
Rhinorrhea
Discharge of the nose
126
Menorrhea
Discharge of menses (normal menstrual flow)
127
-rrhage (or -rraghia)
Excessive discharge of blood
128
Hemorrhage
Excessive bleeding
129
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding during menstruation
130
-sclerosis
Hardening
131
Atherosclerosis
```
Fatty plaque (atheroma) collects in the lining of arteries
The most common type of arteriosclerosis
```
132
-uria
Condition of urine
133
Hematuria
“Condition of blood in the urine”; Bleeding into the urinary tract can cause this sign of kidney disease or of disorders of the urinary and genital tracts
134
-al or -eal
Pertaining to
135
-ic
Pertaining to
136
-ar
Pertaining to
137
-ary
Pertaining to
138
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin
139
Axillary
Pertaining to the armpit
140
Mammary
Pertaining to the breast
141
Chronic
“Pertaining to time”; chronic conditions occur over a long period of time, as opposed to acute conditions, which are sharp, sudden, and brief
142
What is the difference between chronic and acute conditions?
Chronic: Occur over a long period of time
Acute: Sharp, sudden, brief
143
-centesis
Surgical procedure to remove fluid
144
Thoracentesis (or thoraCOcentesis)
Surgical procedure to remove fluid from the thoracic cavity
145
Amniocentesis
Surgical procedure to remove fluid from the amniotic sac
146
Arthrocentesis
Surgical procedure to remove fluid from a joint
147
-ectomy
Removal
Resection (whole or part)
Excision
148
Tonsillectomy
Excision of the tonsils (lateral to tongue) or adenoids (back of the throat, superior to tonsils)
149
What are the tonsils and adenoids?
Lymph tissue in the pharynx; lymph contains white blood cells that fight infection
150
Hysterectomy
| What is the difference between a total and subtotal hysterectomy?
Removal of part of or the whole uterus
```
Total = whole uterus
Subtotal = partial removal
```
151
Oophorectomy
Removal of the ovary
152
Salpingectomy
Removal of fallopian tube
153
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
154
Mastectomy
Removal of the breast
155
RESECTIONS
1. Adenectomy
2. Adenoidectomy
3. Appendectomy
4. Colectomy
5. Gastecromy
6. Laminectomy
7. Myomectomy
8. Pneumonectomy
9. Prostatectomy
10. Splenectomy
1. Adenectomy - excision of a gland
2. Adenoidectomy - excision of the adenoids
3. Appendectomy - excision of the appendix
4. Colectomy - excision of the colon
5. Gastecromy - excision of the stomach
6. Laminectomy - excision of a piece of backbone to relieve pressure on nerves from a herniating disk
7. Myomectomy - resection of a muscle tumor
8. Pneumonectomy - excision of lung
9. Prostatectomy - excision of prostate gland
10. Splenectomy
156
Lamina
Backbone
157
-gram
Record
158
Myelogram
Referring to spinal cord; contrast material is injected into the membranes around the spinal cord (via lumbar puncture) and then X-rays are taken of the spinal cord
*Performed less frequently now that the MRI is available
159
Mammogram
X-ray of the breast
160
-graphy
Process of recording
161
Electroencephalography
Process of recording electricity in brain
162
Mammography
Process of x-raying the breast
163
What does craniocaudal mean?
From top to bottom
164
Angiography
Contrast material (such as iodine) in injected into an artery or vein and X-rays are taken
165
-lysis
Separation
Breakdown
Destruction
166
Dialysis
“Separate completely”; a filtering process either through the blood or through peritoneum
167
What are the 2 kinds of dialysis?
1. Hemodialysis - Removal of blood of passage trough a kidney machine to filter out waste materials, such as urea.
2. Peritoneal dialysis - A special fluid is it into the peritoneum through a tube in the abdomen. The wastes seep into the fluid from the blood during a period of time. The fluid and wastes are then drained from the peritoneum.
168
-plasty
Surgical repair
| Surgical correction
169
Mammoplasty
Surgical correction or repair of breast
170
Rhinoplasty
Surgical correction or repair of nose
171
Angioplasty
Surgical repair of artery
172
How does balloon angioplasty work?
This is performed on narrowed, blocked, coronary arteries that surround the heart. A wire with a collapsed balloon is placed in a clogged artery. Opening of the balloon widens the vessel, allowing more blood to flow through. An intracoronary artery stent (mesh tube) is then placed in the artery to hold it open.
173
-scopy
Process of visual examination
174
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchial tube
175
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx
176
-stomy
Opening
| Creation of a permanent or semipermanent opening (stoma) from an organ to the outside of the body
177
What is a stoma?
A permanent or semipermanent opening from an organ to the outside of the body
178
Colostomy
Opening from colon to the outside of the body
179
What is the new connection called when formed from two tube-like structures being surgically connected WITHIN the body?
Anastomosis
ANA - no, without
STOMY - opening (to outside of body)
OSIS - condition
180
What is the difference between a colostomy and a colocolostomy?
Colostomy: Opening from colon to outside of body
Colocolostomy: New connection between two previously unconnected parts of the colon
181
Tracheostomy
Opening from trachea to outside of body
182
-therapy
Treatment
183
Radiotherapy
Treatment with radiation (radio waves)
184
Chemotherapy
Treatment with chemicals to destroy malignant cells
185
Cryotherapy
Treatment with ice
186
What two chemicals can remove skin lesions such as warts with cryotherapy?
1. Liquid nitrogen
| 2. Carbon dioxide snow
187
What is the difference between radiotherapy versus radiology?
Radiotherapy is directed by a radiation oncologist—a doctor specializing in TREATING cancer using radiation to kill tumor cells.
Radiology is the specialty of a radiologist, also a medical doctor, who primarily DIAGNOSES conditions using X-ray, magnetic wave, or ultrasound techniques.
188
What are the 6 locations of stomas in the intestines? (What are the “-stomy’s” called?)
1. Ileostomy - in the ileum of the small intestine
2. Cecostomy
3. Ascending colostomy - in the ascending colon (right side of body)
4. Transverse colostomy - in the transverse (superior part) of the colon
5. Descending colostomy - in the descending colon (left side of body)
6. Sigmoid colostomy - in the sigmoid of the colon (toward the rectum)
189
What are the 3 kinds of anastomoses?
1. End to end
2. End to side
3. Side to side
190
-tomy
Incision
| Cutting into
191
Craniotomy
Cutting into the skull
192
Laparotomy
Large incision in the abdomen
193
Phlebotomy
Incision into a vein
194
What is the difference between -TOMY, -STOMY, and ECTOMY?
- TOMY = Temporary incision, cutting into
- STOMY = Semi-permanent or permanent opening
- ECTOMY = Removal, excision, resection of an organ
195
Erythrocytosis
Condition of increase in red blood cells
196
What bariatric surgery is used to treat extreme obesity?
Gastric bypass
197
What is gastric bypass?
The superior part of the stomach is stapled to reduce size. The jejunum (second part of small intestine) is brought up to connect to the superior part of the stomach, bypassing the duodenum (first part of small intestine)
198
What is the anastomosis between the stomach and second part of the small intestine called?
Gastrojejunostomy
199
After a cholecystectomy, without a gallbladder to store bile, the ______________ secretes bile as needed.
Liver
200
After a splenectomy, without a spleen to produce white blood cells and process worn out red blood cells, _________________ and ________________ take over these functions.
Lymph nodes
| The liver
201
After a bilateral oophorectomy, without ovaries to produce eggs and female hormones, __________ produce small amounts of estrogen and progesterone.
Adrenal glands
