Chapter 2 - Research Ethics Flashcards
(12 cards)
Ethics
A set of standards governing the conduct of a person or members of a profession.
Belmont Report (1979)
- Respect for persons
- Beneficence
- Justice
Respect for Persons
Part of the Belmont Report that acknowledges autonomy (freedom of choice) and protects those with limited autonomy.
Beneficence
Part of the Belmont Report that discusses treating people in an ethical manner, by minimizing harm and maximizing benefits.
Justice
Part of the Belmont Report that says risks and benefits should be distributed fairly.
APA Code of Ethics
Similar to Belmont Report but adds integrity, where researchers should be honest in all aspects of research.
Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)
Group of individuals (5 from different departments with at least 1 non-scientist) who are tasked with evaluating human subjects research at universities including proposals, ethical treatment of human subjects, and risk to research participants.
–> At SUNY Oswego, this is called the Human Subjects Committee (HSC).
Informed Consent
Giving human research participants enough information about the study’s purpose and procedures, and allowing them to decide if they want to participate. It should be presented at an elementary school reading level and only can be obtained from someone legally responsible for themselves.
Assent
Used for participants who may not be able to fully understand the consent form (under 18, disabled, etc.) and legal guardians must also provide consent.
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)
Required to be formed at all institutions conducting animal research.
–> They examine any potential for harm.
–> Ensure proper acquisition of and care for animals.
–> Ensure that animals are being used properly for educational (non-scientific) purposes.
Scientific Fraud
A deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unfair or unlawful advantage (ex. plagiarism and falsifying data).
