Chapter 9 - Survey Methods

Question 1

Survey

Answer 1

Set of questions or statements given to measure someone’s attitudes, beliefs, values, etc.

Question 2

Psychological Tests

Answer 2

Types of surveys that’s been used for years and are considered reliable and valid.

Question 3

Open-Ended Questions

Answer 3

Allows the participant to write their own answer.

–> Great for a wide array of responses.
–> Difficult to score with so many options.
–> Good for pilot studies, where top answers become the choices in the final study’s question.

Question 4

Closed Questions

Answer 4

Gives the participants a limited # of selections and ask them to choose one or more.

Question 5

Likert Scales

Answer 5

Asks the participant to indicate their level of agreement with a statement.

Question 6

Response Acquiescence

Answer 6

Problem with Likert scales where participants tend to agree with statements.

–> Can be mitigated by balancing favorable and unfavorable options.

Question 7

Demographic Information

Answer 7

Characteristics of your participants (ex. age, gender, annual income, area of residence, etc.).

Question 8

Double-Barreled Question

Answer 8

Two questions in one.

Example: “Is it wrong to curse and drink alcohol?”

Question 9

Leading Questions

Answer 9

When the way you word a question has a BIG impact on how people will respond.

Question 10

Self-Selection Bias

Answer 10

When those who reply are probably different from those who ignore the request (ex. personalities, strength of opinions about the topic).

Question 11

Nonresponse Bias

Answer 11

When people who return surveys (via mail) differ from the people who get the survey but don’t respond (“non-responders”).

Question 12

Correlation

Answer 12

Assesses the strength of a relationship between two variables with scores ranging from -1 to 1.

Question 13

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 13

The number that indicates the size/strength (bigger = stronger) and direction of the relationship (-/+).

Question 14

Scatterplots

Answer 14

Way to visualize the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables (and identify outliers).

–> The closer to a straight line, the stronger the relationship (more variability = more spread out points).

Question 15

Regression

Answer 15

Procedure used to predict a score on one variable from a score on another variable.

–> Regression line/line of best fit is calculated based on the scatterplot data

Question 16

Multiple Regression

Answer 16

Performs the same procedure as a regression using MULTIPLE variables to predict a single outcome.

Question 17

Mediator

Answer 17

Type of third variable that explains the relationship between two variables.

Question 18

Moderator

Answer 18

Type of third variable that’s a particular situation when a relationship occurs.

–> This in correlational data is equivalent to an interaction in experimental data.