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HLST 154 - Professional Communication > Chapter 2: Self and Perception (Lesson 12, 13 & 14) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Self and Perception (Lesson 12, 13 & 14) Flashcards

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1
Q

Self-Awareness

A

conscious knowledge of one’s character, emotions, values, assumptions, motives, and desired

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2
Q

What does self awareness allow you to do?

A

-see other’s perspectives
-practice self-control
-have pride in yourself
-have general self-esteem

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3
Q

Ways to increase self-awareness:

A

-self-reflection
-introspection
-mindfulness
-meditation

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4
Q

Challenging Yourseld

A

-step beyond your comfort zone and experience new things
-promotes self-discovery and growth

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5
Q

Self-Concept

A

the overall idea of who a person thinks they are (ie. beliefs and values)

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6
Q

Self-knowledge

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“who am I?”

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7
Q

Self-expectation

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“who or what do I want to be?”

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8
Q

Self-evaluation

A

-a dimension of self-concept
-“how well do I like myself?”

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9
Q

Social Self

A

-family, friends, coworkers, sports, online presence

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10
Q

Spiritual Self

A

religion, yoga

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11
Q

Material Self

A

heirlooms, mental health

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12
Q

Subjective Self

A

how you describe yourself

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13
Q

Objective Self

A

how others describe you

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14
Q

Why is “tell me about yourself” not constructive?

A

-self-concept is influence by context and personality more than anything

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15
Q

Reflected Appraisal

A

-thoughts from others that feed into our self-concept

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16
Q

Significant Others

A

-those whose reflections we consider essential

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17
Q

Social Comparisons

A

-based on superiority/inferiority and similarity/difference
-how we compare ourselves to other people

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18
Q

Superiority/Inferiority

A

-attractiveness
-intelligence
-athletic ability

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19
Q

Similarities/Differences

A

-age
-personality
-popularity
-interests
-culture

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20
Q

Self-concept is based on ____, ____, and _____

A

attitudes, beliefs, and values

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21
Q

Attitude

A

your immediate disposition toward a concept or an object

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22
Q

Beliefs

A

ideas based on previous experiences and convictions not necessarily logic or fact

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23
Q

Values

A

core concepts and ideas about what we consider good or bad, right or wrong, and what is worth making a sacrifice for

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24
Q

Self-Esteem

A

refers to the judgements and evaluations we make about our self concept

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25
Self-Efficacy
people's judgments about their ability to perform as task within a specific context
26
Self-discrepancy Theory
people have beliefs about and expectations for their actual and potential selves that don't always match up with what they experience
27
What makes up self-concept?
the different "selves" such as actual, ideal, and ought
28
Actual Self
attributes you or someone else believes you possess
29
Ideal Self
attributes you or someone else would like you to possess
30
Ought Self
attributes you or someone else believes you should possess
31
Actual vs. Own Ideals
we feels we are not obtaining our desires and hope, leading to disappointment, dissatisfaction, and frustration
32
Actual vs. Others' Ideals
we have an overall feeling that we are not obtaining others' desires and hopes for us, leads to shame and embarassment
33
Actual vs. Others' Ought
we feel we are not meeting what others see as our duties and obligations, leads to agitation and fear of punishment
34
Actual vs. Own Ought
we feel we are not meeting our duties and obligations which can lead to feeling we have fallen short of our moral standards
35
How do social and family influences shape our self-perception?
-feedback from others -extrinsic motivations -communication patterns (ie. abuse)
36
How does culture affect self-perception?
-self-enhancement of our desirable qualities -competition -wealth vs. modesty -race -gender
37
How does media influence self-perception?
-unrealistic standards of beauty -shows us what is unacceptable, acceptable, valued in society
38
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
occurs when your expectation causes something to happen (ie. hearing about a rude colleague and unintentionally causing a rude reaction from them)
39
Self-disclosure
the purposeful disclosure of personal information to another person
40
Social Penetration Theory
as we get to know someone we engage in a reciprocal process of self-disclosure
41
Social Comparison Theory
we evaluate ourselves based on how we compare with others
42
Johari Window
-a model that helps to explain and improve self-awareness and self-communication -uses a four quadrant model to represent aspects of self that are know and unknown to us
43
First Quadrant of Johari Window "Open area"
-lower left hand corner -ideas KNOWN to self and others -name, hobbies, etc.
44
Second Quadrant of Johari Window "Blind area"
-upper left hand corner -ideas unknown to self but known to others -gained from perception checking and feedback -ie. being a pushover but not knowing it
45
Third Quadrant of Johari Window "Unknown area"
-upper right-hand corner -ideas unknown to self and others -have not happened yet so outcome is unknown -ie. how you will cope with the loss of a parent who is still living
46
Fourth Quadrant of Johari Window "Hidden area"
-lower right hand corner -known to self but not others -ie. trauma, insecurities, etc.
47
What are the four categories of self-disclosure?
-observations (what we have done and experienced) -thoughts -feelings -needs
48
Self-disclosure Cycle
individual self discloses, recipient reacts, reaction is processed by discloser
49
Techniques for avoiding self-disclosure:
1. deception - lying to avoid conflict 2. equivocate - don't answer question, restate what they said differently 3. hint - indirect or face-saving comments 4. silence
50
3 Categories of Impression Management
1. manner 2. appearance 3. setting
51
Manner
our words and actions
52
Appearance
our clothing, hair, makeup
53
Setting
how we decorate homes, offices, cars
54
Perception
the process of attending to, organizing, interpreting information via 5 senses
55
Attending
1st step of the perception process: selecting the information you want to focus on ie. extreme, different, repeating, motivated, emotional state
56
Perceptual Organizing
how we make sense of something in our brain
57
4 Schemes used to organize perceptions
1. physical construct 2. social position 3. behaviour 4. emotions
58
Interpretation
assign meaning to our experiences using mental schemata
59
Factors that Influence Interpretations
-personal experience -involvement -expectations -assumptions -relational satisfaction -past experiences -knowledge
60
How do individualistic cultures see self?
-independence -take care of self -flexible group memberships -individual achievement awarded -autonomy, equality
61
How do collectivistic cultures see self?
-we; people belong to groups -family before self -belong to permanent groups -group goal contribution -duty, order, hierarchy
62
What are the influences of gender?
gender shapes how others communicate with use due to different expectations and acceptable behaviours
63
What does low self-esteem look like?
-need positive experiences to counter negative thoughts -views life negatively -unmotivated -unrealistic expectations -poor coping -unhealthy relationships
64
What does high self-esteem look like?
-positive thoughts -assertive when expressing needs/opinions -secure and honest relationships -realistic expectations -resilient in coping
65
Internal Attributions
connect the cause of behaviours to personal aspects (ie. personality traits)
66
External Attributions
connect the cause of behaviours to situational factors
67
Self-serving Bias
-a perceptual error through which we attribute the cause of our successes to internal personal factors while attributing our failures to external factors beyond our control
68
Primary Effect
-makes first impressions emduring by leading us to place more value on the first information we learn about a person
69
Recency Effect
-puts more weight on most recent impressions of a person's communication over earlier impressions
70
Physiological Influences of Perception
-senses -age -health -hunger -biological cycles
71
Psychological Influences on Perception
-mood -self-concept
72
Social Influences on Self-perception
-sex and gender roles -occupational roles -standpoint theory
73
Standpoint Theory
states that your perspective is influenced by where you stand
74
Halo Effect
occurs when initial positive perceptions lead us to view later interactions as positive
75
Horn Effect
occurs when initial negative perceptions lead us to view later interactions as negative
76
Self-fulfilling Prophecies
thoughts and action patterns in which a persons's false belief triggers a behaviour that makes something come true
77
Prejudice
negative feelings or attitudes toward people based on their identity
78
Emotional Intelligence
ability to understand, use, and manage your emotions positively to relieve stress, communicate, overcome challenges and conflict
79
Perception Checking
a strategy to help us monitor our reactions to perceptions about people and communications

HLST 154 - Professional Communication (9 decks)

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