Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease

Question 1

aden/o

Answer 1

gland

Question 2

adip/o

Answer 2

fat

Question 3

anter/o

Answer 3

before, front

Question 4

caud/o

Answer 4

lower part of the body, tail

Question 5

cephal/o

Answer 5

head

Question 6

cyt/o, -cyte

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

end-, endo-

Answer 7

in, within, inside

Question 8

exo-

Answer 8

out of, outside, away from

Question 9

hist/o

Answer 9

tissue

Question 10

-ologist

Answer 10

specialist

Question 11

-ology

Answer 11

the science or study of

Question 12

path/o, -pathy

Answer 12

disease, suffering, feeling, emotion

Question 13

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

Answer 13

development, growth, formation

Question 14

poster/o

Answer 14

behind, towards the back

Question 15

-stasis, -static

Answer 15

control, maintenance of a constant level

Question 16

abdominal cavity

Answer 16

contains major organs of digestion

Question 17

adenocarcinoma

Answer 17

cancer in glands

Question 18

adenoma

Answer 18

benign tumor that starts in epithelial tissue of a gland

Question 19

anaplasia

Answer 19

change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other

Question 20

anatomy

Answer 20

study of structures of the body

Question 21

anterior

Answer 21

situated in the front

Question 22

aplasia

Answer 22

birth defect where organ or tissue is absent or abnormally large

Question 23

atresia

Answer 23

a body part that should have an opening doesn’t

Question 24

autopsy

Answer 24

post mortem study of the body to determine cause

Question 25

caudal

Answer 25

towards the lower part of the body

Question 26

cephalic

Answer 26

towards the head

Question 27

communicable disease

Answer 27

transmitted directly or indirectly (contagious)

Question 28

congenital disease

Answer 28

abnormal condition at the time of birth

Question 29

distal

Answer 29

farthest from the midline

Question 30

dysplasia

Answer 30

abnormal growth of cells

Question 31

endemic

Answer 31

ongoing presence of a disease in a population

Question 32

endocrine glands

Answer 32

produce hormones, do not have ducts

Question 33

epidemic

Answer 33

sudden and widespread outbreak

Question 34

epigastric region

Answer 34

located above the stomach

Question 35

etiology

Answer 35

study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

Question 36

exocrine glands

Answer 36

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead to organs or out of the body

Question 37

functional disorder

Answer 37

produces physical symptoms for which no disease or organic cause can be found

Question 38

hemophilia

Answer 38

a hereditary bleeding disorder where blood clotting factor is missing

Question 39

hyperplasia

Answer 39

increase in number of cells in a tissue or organ

Question 40

hypertrophy

Answer 40

increase in bulk of a body part or organ due to size, not number of cells

Question 41

hypoplasia

Answer 41

underdevelopment of a tissue or organ to lack of cells

Question 42

iatrogenic illness

Answer 42

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Question 43

idiopathic disease

Answer 43

a disease without a known cause

Question 44

inguinal

Answer 44

where the lower abdomen meets the thigh (groin)

Question 45

mesentery

Answer 45

fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Question 46

midsagittal plane

Answer 46

divides body into right and left

Question 47

nosocomial infection

Answer 47

hospital acquired infection

Question 48

pandemic

Answer 48

outbreak over a large geographic area

Question 49

pelvic cavity

Answer 49

hip bones and contains reproductive and excretory organs

Question 50

peritoneum

Answer 50

multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place within the abdominal cavity

Question 51

peritonitis

Answer 51

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 52

proximal

Answer 52

near the midline

Question 53

retroperitoneal

Answer 53

located behind the peritoneum

Question 54

stem cells

Answer 54

unspecialized cells that can renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

Question 55

thoracic cavity

Answer 55

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

Question 56

transverse plane

Answer 56

divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 57

umbilicus

Answer 57

belly button or navel

Question 58

vector-borne transmission

Answer 58

spread of disease via insect bite

Question 59

ventral

Answer 59

front