Chapter 13: The Endocrine System & Flashcards
1
Q
acr/o
A
extremities, top extreme point
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
3
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
4
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
5
Q
glyc/o
A
glucose, sugar
6
Q
gonad/o
A
gonad, sex glands
7
Q
-ism
A
condition, state of
8
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
9
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
10
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
11
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
12
Q
poly-
A
many
13
Q
somat/o
A
body
14
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
15
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
16
Q
stimulates secretion of estrogen and growth of ova in female ovaries
A
follicle-stimulating hormone
17
Q
regulates growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
A
growth hormone
18
Q
stimulates ovulation and secretion of testosterone
A
luteinizing hormone
19
Q
secreted by the hypothalamus and helps control blood pressure by reducing amount of water excreted through the kidneys
A
antidiuretic hormone
20
Q
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
A
oxytocin
21
Q
controls metabolic rate
A
thyroxine
22
Q
works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels by moving calcium into bones for storage
A
calcitonin
23
Q
stimulates maturation of lymphocytes into T cells
A
thymosin
24
Q
basic form of energy for the body
A
glucose
25
secreted by alpha cells in response to low blood sugar
glucagon
26
secreted by beta-cells in response to high glucose levels
insulin
27
steroid hormones
corticosteroids
28
stimulates sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or mental stress
epinephrine
29
released as a hormone by adrenal medulla and as a neurohormone by sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
30
aids in the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of menstrual cycle
estrogen
31
released during second half of menstrual cycle
progesterone
32
steroid hormone secreted by the testes
testosterone
33
protein hormone involved in appetite regulation
leptin
34
abnormal enlargement of hands/feet due to excess secretion of growth hormone after puberty
acromegaly
35
abnormal growth of entire body caused by excess of growth hormone before puberty
gigantism
36
benign tumor in the pituitary gland
prolactinoma
37
slow-growing benign tumor in the pituitary gland
pituitary adenoma
38
insufficient production of ADH or inability of kidneys to respond
diabetes insipidus
39
autoimmune disease where antibodies attack thyroid gland
Hashimoto's disease
40
congenital form of hypothyroidism
cretinism
41
extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
myxedema
42
immune system attacks thyroid gland stimulating production of excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
graves' disease
43
abnormal protrusion of eyeball out of orbit
exophthalmos
44
inflammation of pancreas often due to long-term alcohol abuse
pancreatitis
45
benign tumor causing hypoglycemia by secreting excess insulin
insulinoma
46
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
47
high blood sugar
hypoglycemia
48
most common endocrine system disease
metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defects in the production of insulin or inability to use it properly
diabetes mellitus
49
type 2 diabetes that develops during pregnancy
gestational
50
diabetes complication that causes damage to blood vessels in retina
diabetic retinopathy
51
insufficient production of insulin to convert glucose to energy
ketosis
52
not enough cortisol or aldosterone
Addison's disease
53
inflammation of adrenal glands
adrenalitis
54
electrolyte imbalance due to excessive aldosterone
aldosteronism
55
prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
Cushing's syndrome
56
excessive mammary gland development in males
gynecomastia
57
administration of oral radioactive iodine to measure thyroid function
radioactive iodine uptake test
58
measure glucose levels over previous 3 weeks
fructosamine test
59
removal of 1 or more parathyroid gland
parathyroidectomy
60
removal of thymus
thymectomy
61
removal of all or part of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
62
removal of 1 or all adrenal glands
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
63
a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action
cortisol
64
a life-threatening diabetes complication caused by a build up of acids (ketones) in the blood
diabetic ketoacidosis
65
mineral substances normally found in blood and other bodily fluids
electrolytes
66
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in blood instead of being stored in bones and teeth
hypercalcemia
67
excessive secretion of insulin in bloodstream
hyperinsulinism
68
excess secretion of growth hormone that causes both acromegaly and gigantism
hyperpituitarism
69
excessive thirst
polydipsia
70
excessive hunger
polyphagia
71
polyuria
excessive urination
72
blood glucose is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
prediabetes
73
process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult capable of reproducing
puberty
74
anti-
against
75
carcin/o
cancerous
76
immun/o
immune, protection, safe
77
lymph/o
lymph, lymphatic tissue
78
lymphanden/o
lymph node or gland
79
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
80
neo-, ne/o
new, strange
81
-oma
tumor, neoplasm
82
onc/o
tumor
83
phag/o
eat, swallow
84
-plasm
formative material of cells
85
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
86
splen/o
spleen
87
-tic
pertaining to
88
tax/o
poison, posionous
89
substances that produce an allergic reaction
allergen
90
potentially life-threatening cancer cells
malignant cells
91
cells formed in the bone marrow as stem cells that defend the body against antigens
lymphocytes
92
group of proteins that act as intracellular signals to begin immune response
cytokines
93
activate immune response, fight viruses, signal cells to increase defenses
interferons
94
binding antibodies to antigens to label a potentially dangerous antigen and immediately respond
the antigen-antibody reaction
95
disease fighting proteins
antibodies
96
bind to antigens in antigen-antibody response
immunoglobulins
97
leukocytes that surround and kill invading cells
macrophages
98
one celled microscopic organism
bacteria
99
rod-shaped, spore forming bacteria
bacilli
100
bacteria that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites
rickettsia
101
spiral shaped bacteria capable of movement
spirochetes
102
group of 30 bacteria species shaped like clusters
staphylococci
103
bacteria formed in a chain
streptococci
104
plants or animals living on or within a living organism at the expense of hat organism
parasites
105
parasites that live in mosquitoes
malaria
106
parasites transmitted by contaminated animal feces
toxoplasmosis
107
herpes virus known as chicken pox
varicella
108
herpes virus known as shingles
herpes zoster
109
inhibit growth of or kill pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
antibiotic
110
destroys or inhibits growth of fungi
antifungal
111
benign tumor in the lymph nodes
lymphangioma
112
abnormal enlargement of the spleen
splenomegaly
113
swelling of tissues due to abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid
lymphedema
114
detects damage or malformations of lymphatic vessels
lymphoscintingraphy
115
severe response to allergen
systemic reaction
anaphylaxis
116
large group of diseases where the body produces antibodies against its own tissues
auto-immune disorders
117
damage or kills T cells causing immune system to fail
human immunodeficiency virus
118
advanced and fatal stage of human immunodeficiency virus
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
119
infection caused by pathogen that normally does not produce an illness
opportunistic infection
120
treatment prevents or reduces body's normal immune response
immunosuppressant
121
drug that kills or damages cells
cytotoxic drug
122
spreading from one place to another
metastasize
123
cancer is spread to a new site
metastasis
124
malignant tumor in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
125
malignant tumor in connective tissue
sarcoma
126
malignancies affecting lymphoid tissue
lymphoma
127
cancer of the immune system
Hodgkin's lymphoma
128
all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's
non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
129
breast cancer at its earliest stage
doctoral carcinoma insitu
130
radiographic examination of breast
mammography
131
yeast infection
candidiasis
132
a malignant tumor in original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded surrounding tissues
carcinoma in situ
133
a group of proteins that normally circulate in blood in an inactive form
complement system
134
highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus
COVID-19
135
a strain of herpes found in most body tissues
cytomegalovirus
136
function of destroying worn-out erythrocytes
hemolytic
137
starts in milk ducts and invades fatty breast tissue outside the duct
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
138
any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes
lymphadenopathy
139
a benign tumor made of muscle tissue
myoma
140
malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
myosarcoma
141
a hard tissue sarcoma that involves upper shaft of long bone, pelvis, or knee
osteosarcoma
142
an acute viral infection transmitted to humans through bite or saliva of an infected animal
rabies
143
a viral infection characterized by low grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a pink rash
rubella
144
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
tele therapy
