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Mental Health > Chapter 2: Theories and Therapies > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Theories and Therapies Flashcards

1
Q

who is the mother of psychiatric nursing

A

Hildegard peplau

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2
Q

psychological theories…

A

help us to explain behavior
treatments based on theories

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3
Q

who was the beginning of mental health issues

A

Freud

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4
Q

what did freud believe that mental illness come from

A

unresolved childhood trauma

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5
Q

Freud developed what theory

A

psychoanalytic (analyzing psych)

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6
Q

Freuds levels of awareness

A

conscious
preconscious
unconscious

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7
Q

Freuds level of awareness
conscious

A

contains all the material a person is aware of at any one time

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8
Q

Freuds level of awareness
preconscious

A

material that can be retrieved rather easily through conscious effort

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9
Q

Freuds level of awareness
unconsious

A

all repressed memories, passions, unacceptable urges lying deep below surface

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10
Q

what method of therapy was developed based on Freuds psychoanalytical

A

Cathartic

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11
Q

Cathartic method

A

talk therapy viewed today as getting things off our chest

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12
Q

what is included in cathartic method

A

free association

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13
Q

free association

A

talk about what ever comes to mind, requires full and honest disclosure

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14
Q

Frueds Personality structure componets

A

Id
ego
superego

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15
Q

Frueds Personality structure
id

A

pleasure principle
reflex action
primary process

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16
Q

Id wants…

A

to be comfortable/having needs met

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17
Q

Frueds Personality structure
ego

A

problem solver
reality tester

navigate outside world

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18
Q

Ego wants…

A

differentiate between subjective experience and objective reality

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19
Q

Frueds Personality structure
superego

A

moral component

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20
Q

superego wants….

A

perfection

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21
Q

what one of the personality structures is in the conscious

A

ego
superego

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22
Q

what one of the personality structures is in the preconscious

A

ego
superego

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23
Q

what one of the personality structures is in the unconsious

A

id
ego
superego

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24
Q

Id cannot tolerate

A

frustration

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25
Q

Id seeks to discharge

A

tension

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26
Q

Id lacks the ability to

A

problem solve

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27
Q

Id operates according to

A

pleasure principle

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28
Q

example of Id

A

hungry screaming baby

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29
Q

Ego is developed

A

first few years of life as the child intereacts with others

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30
Q

Ego saying

A

THINK PLAN DO

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31
Q

superego develops

A

between 3-5

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32
Q

super ego represents what component of personality

A

moral

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33
Q

superego consist of

A

conscience
ego ideal

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34
Q

superego
conscience

A

should nots from parents and society

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35
Q

superego
ego ideal

A

shoulds from parents and society

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36
Q

if the superego falls short of perfection it may induce feelings of

A

guilt

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37
Q

defense mechanisms are to ward off _________ and prevent ____________ awareness of threatening feelings

A

anxiety, conscious

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38
Q

defense mechanisms operate on what level

A

unconsious

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39
Q

Frueds psychosexual stages of development

A

oral
anal
phasic
latency
genital
(more in book deck)

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40
Q

transference

A

unconsious feelings that the patient has toward a healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood for a significant other

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41
Q

countertransference

A

unconsious feelings that the health worker has toward the patients

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42
Q

how do we eliminate transference and countertransference

A

maintain boundaries
self awareness

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43
Q

classic psychoanalysis has 3 key factors

A

free association
dream analysis
defense mechanism recognition

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44
Q

psychodynamic therapy
how it works

A

back and forth with patient,
dynamic: both engaged

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45
Q

psychodynamic focuses on

A

here and now

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46
Q

who are the best candidates for psychodynamic therapy

A

worried well
- clear area of difficulty
- are intelligent and well motivated for change

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47
Q

interpersonal theory definition

A

purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to reduce avoid anxiety

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48
Q

who developed interpersonal theory

A

sullivan

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49
Q

Sullivan defined personality as

A

behavior observed within interpersonal relationships

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50
Q

interpersonal theory
anxiety

A

painful feeling or emotion that arises from social insecurity or prevents biological needs from being satisfied

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51
Q

interpersonal theory
security operations

A

measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and enhance security

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52
Q

interpersonal theory
self system

A

all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against anxiety and ensure self esteem

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53
Q

what is interpersonal therapy effective in treating

A

grief and loss
interpersonal disputes
role transition

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54
Q

interpersonal theory is one person working on self to better understand

A

their role

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55
Q

who implicated interpersonal theory into nursing

A

Hildegard peplau

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56
Q

Peplau thought that the nurse was both the

A

participant and observer

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57
Q

Peplau thought that self awareness helps keep focus on

A

patient

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58
Q

What are the main points of Peplau

A

self awareness (patient focused)
mutuality
respect for the patient
unconditional acceptance
empathy

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59
Q

Peplau empathy vs sympathy

A

sympathy is not good
empathy: understanding what you are going through is hard

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60
Q

Peplau took __________ theory of anxiety to nursing practice

A

Sullivan

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61
Q

what does it mean that the nurse is both the participant and observer

A

interactions with patient as an authentic human being

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62
Q

Peplau had two parts of nursing

A

art
science

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63
Q

Peplau art of nursing

A

care, compassion, advocacy, comfort and well being
what we DO with patients

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64
Q

Peplau science of nursing

A

understand human problems, psychosocial phenomena, relieve patients suffering

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65
Q

who are behavior scientists

A

Pavlov
watson
skinner

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66
Q

behavior theories all involve

A

conditioning

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67
Q

what is conditioning

A

paring a behavior with a condition that reinforces or diminished a behaviors consequence

68
Q

behavior theories believe that

A

personality is learned behaviors and can become synonymous with behavior

69
Q

if behavior changes

A

so does personality

70
Q

Pavlov conditioning

A

classical

71
Q

Pavlov experiment

A

dogs
neutral stimulus= bell
- will not produce response by it self
non neutral stimulis= food
- will produce an unconditioned response

pairing neutral stimulus with non neutral stimulus (uncontrolled stimulus) will cause uncontrolled response
eventually you will not need the uncontrolled stimulus to elicit a uncontrolled response

72
Q

Watson type of condition

A

classical

73
Q

Watson believed that personality traits and responses (maladaptive and adaptive) were socially learned through

A

classical conditioning

74
Q

Watson experiment

A

little Albert experiment
conditioned previous unafraid baby to become afraid of a rat

rat= neutral stimulis became conditioned stimulus
Albert elicited a emotional response (conditioned response) similar to the distrsss (unconditioned response) originally given to the noise (unconditioned stimulus)

75
Q

skinner type of conditioning

A

operant

76
Q

operant conditioning

A

method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishment for voluntary behavior

77
Q

in operant conditioning behavioral responses are elicited through

A

reinforcement

78
Q

skinner believed that idea of learning is a function of change in

A

overt behavior

79
Q

skinner believe that changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s

A

response to events that occur in environment

80
Q

Skinner box

A

give food for pressing lever (pos)
turn on shock for pressing lever (neg)

81
Q

4 main types of behavioral therapy

A

modeling
operant
systematic desensitization
aversion

82
Q

modeling behavior therapy

A

therapist provides a role model for a behavior, patient learns through imitation and role play

83
Q

operant conditioning behavior therapy

A

uses positive reinforcement for behavior modification

84
Q

systematic desensitization behavior therapy

A

uses customized behavioral tasks based on the patients own fears
patient also learns relaxation techniques

85
Q

systemic desensitization therapy is also called

A

exposure therapy

86
Q

aversion behavior therapy

A

paring a target behavior with negative stimulus

87
Q

biofeedback back is used for controlling

A

bodys physiological response to stress and anxiety, power to use your thoughts to control your body

88
Q

cognitive theory states that

A

thoughts become feelings
feelings become behavior
behavior reinforces thoughts

89
Q

cognitive theory states that ________ comes before _______ and __________

A

thoughts
feelings
actions

90
Q

behaviorists focusing on increasing, decreasing, eliminating measurable….

A

behaviors

91
Q

cognitive theorists believe there is a dynamic interplay between individuals and ____________. believe thoughts come before __________ and ____________-

A

enviornment
feelings
actions

92
Q

Cognitive theories
rational emotive therapy scientist

A

ellis

93
Q

Rational emotive therapy aims to eradicate _____________ beliefs

A

irrational

94
Q

Rational emotive therapy believe that what thoughts are not accurate

A

should, ought, must
negative thinking process

95
Q

who developed cognitive behavioral therapy

A

beck

96
Q

types of cognitive therapies

A

Rational emotive therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy

trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy
dialectical behavior therapy

97
Q

cognitive therapy is aimed at

A

identfy and test distorted beliefs and change way of thinking; reduce symtoms

98
Q

cognitive behvaioral therapy believes

A

changing negative thoughts impacts behaviors

patient is taught to challenge own negative thinking

99
Q

trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy is mainly used in

A

children who experienced trauma

100
Q

dialectical behavior therapy main focus is

A

integration of oppisites
(BPD, bipolar)
middle ground, not all black and white

101
Q

humanistic theories believe

A

psychology must go beyond experiences of hate, pain and misery and to include love, compassion, happiness, and well being

102
Q

main humanistic scientist

A

maslow

103
Q

Maslow is the father of

A

humanistic psychology

104
Q

maslows hierarchy of needs explain

A

when lower needs are met we can accomplish higher ups

105
Q

how does Maslow help us prioritize

A

what is most important in the sequencing of nursing action

106
Q

levels of maslows heirchy

A

physciological needs
safety
belonging and love
esteem
self actualization

107
Q

biological theories and therapies focus on

A

neuro
chemical
bio
genetic

108
Q

developmental theories

A

cognitive development
theory of psychosocial development
theory of object relations

109
Q

cognitive development scientist

A

Piaget

110
Q

what are the steps to cognitive development

A

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operation

111
Q

sensorimotor age

A

birth to 2

112
Q

sensorimotor

A

infant builds understanding of themself and reality through interactions

able to differentiate between itself and other objects

learns via assilmilation and accommodation

113
Q

assimilation

A

organization of information and absorbing it into existing schema

114
Q

accomodation

A

when an object cannot be assimilated and the schemata have to be modified to include the object

115
Q

pre operational age

A

2-4

116
Q

pre operational

A

child is not able to conceptualize abstractly
needs concrete physical situation

117
Q

concerete operations age

A

7-11

118
Q

concerete operations

A

think abstractly and. conceptualize, creating logical structures

119
Q

formal operations age

A

11-15

120
Q

formal operations

A

cognition reaches final form
no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgements
deductive and hypothetical reasoning

121
Q

who created theory of psychosocial developmetn

A

Erickson

122
Q

Erikson states that

A

if you fail at one stage you are not stuck there and personality develops through old age

123
Q

trust vs mistrust age

A

0-1.5

124
Q

autonomy vs shame-doubt age

A

1.5-3

125
Q

initiative vs guilt age

A

3-6

126
Q

industry vs inferiority age

A

6-12

127
Q

identify vs role confusion age

A

12-20

128
Q

intimacy vs isolation age

A

20-35

129
Q

generatively vs self absorption age

A

35-65

130
Q

integrity vs dispair age

A

65+

131
Q

how do developmental theories impact nursing

A

helps determine what interventions are most likely to be most effective
also how we communicate to patient

132
Q

who developed theory of object relations

A

Mahler

133
Q

mahler stated regarding mother and child

A

early in development the child does not have a concept of object constancy for mother, when the mother disappears she does not exist

134
Q

mahler developed separation individuation

A

psychological birth of infant

child separates from mother and begins to indiciduate

135
Q

theories of moral development

A

stages of moral development
ethics of care theory

136
Q

who created stages of moral development

A

kohlberg

137
Q

preconvectional level

A

stage 1 obedience and punishment
stage 2 individualism and exchange

138
Q

conventional level

A

stage 3 good interpersonal relationships
stage 4 maintaining social order

139
Q

post convectional level

A

stage 5 social contact and idividual rights
stage 6 universal and ethical principles

140
Q

stage 1

A

obedience and punishments

141
Q

stage 2

A

individualism and exchange

142
Q

stage 3

A

good interpersonal relationships

143
Q

stage 4

A

maintaining social order

144
Q

stage 5

A

social contact and idividual rights

145
Q

stage 6

A

universal and ethical principles

146
Q

who developed ethics of care theory

A

gilligan

147
Q

what did Gilligan propose

A

women come to prioritize an “ethics of care” as their sense of morality evolves along with their sense of self

while men prioritize “ethics of justice”

148
Q

to gain a conscious memory we need

A

something to trigger it
more than likely a therapist

149
Q

your boss is in the cafe and you select the salad instead of the burger you wanted, id ego or sego

A

sego because you want perfections

150
Q

child had a baby brother born and started sucking finger and wanting milk what psychosexual stage

A

oral, based on description not age
the child regressed or went backwards

151
Q

phallic is when _________ identity develops

A

sexual

152
Q

latency is when _______ develops

A

sego

153
Q

what therapy session is targeted to worried well

A

psychodynamic

154
Q

interpersonally believes that what relationship influences personality development

A

early

155
Q

in behavior theory, what drives personality

A

behavior

156
Q

cognitive theory

A

thoughts
feelings
behaviors

157
Q

CBT believes

A

change thinking and we can change behaviors

158
Q

patient has a panic attack and goes to the track and runs bleachers until dehydration and blisters, what will you dress first

A

dehydration

adress physiological issue even if mental illness drove it

159
Q

sensiomotor

A

physical interactions

160
Q

preoperational

A

bigger vs smaller

161
Q

concerete operational

A

problem solving

162
Q

formal operations

A

rank pain 0-10
abstract thinking

163
Q

preconventional level

A

I love me
selfish
pregnant mother

164
Q

conventional level

A

I love you
self sacrificing
newborn baby

165
Q

post conventional level

A

l love me and you
mother after newborn, cares about family whole

166
Q
A

Mental Health (82 decks)

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