Chapter 3: Neurobiology and Pharmacotherapy

Question 1

what leads to behaviors

Answer 1

feels
thinks
neurobiological imbalances

Question 2

what does the biopsychoscial hypothesis say

Answer 2

biological
psychological (traits, coping)
environmental factors

lead to mental illness

Question 3

dopamine
increased

Answer 3

schizophrenia

Question 4

dopamine
decreased

Answer 4

ADHD
parkinsons

Question 5

norepinephrine
decreased

Answer 5

depression

Question 6

norepi
increase

Answer 6

mania
anxiety
schizophrenia

Question 7

serotonin
decrease

Answer 7

depression

Question 8

serotonin

Answer 8

anxiety

Question 9

GABA
decrease

Answer 9

anxiety
schizophrenia
mania
huntingtons

Question 10

GABA
increase

Answer 10

reduces anxiety

Question 11

glutamate
decrease

Answer 11

psychosis

Question 12

glutamate
increase

Answer 12

prolonged is neurotoxic and causes neurodegnerntation in alzhimers

Question 13

cholinergics
decrease

Answer 13

alshiemers
huntigntons
parkinsons

Question 14

cholinergic
increase

Answer 14

depression

Question 15

pharmacodynamics

Answer 15

what do drugs do

Question 16

pharmacokinetics

Answer 16

actions on the body

Question 17

ADME

Answer 17

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

Question 18

benzodiazepine

Answer 18

promote GABA
addictive
sedative
hypnotic

antiaxiety
also insomnia and withdrawl

Question 19

z drugs

Answer 19

sedative effects with out anxiety, anticonvulsant, or muscle relaxants

quick onset
short half life

Question 20

buspirone

Answer 20

relieves anxiety without sedation
no addition
not CNS depresant

Question 21

TCAs

Answer 21

sedation
lethal overdose
anti slud
takes long time to work
norepinephrine/ norepinephrine and serotonin

ortho hypo
confusion
fatal arrhythmia
titrate down to prevent HA
weight changes

bipolar= hypomania or mania

Question 22

MAOI

Answer 22

enzyme that destroys monoamines
avoid tyramine or hypertensive cirsis
weight gain
sexual dysfunction
photosensitivity
urine retention
decrease seizure threshold
increase suicide
urine retention

Question 23

tyramine foods

Answer 23

age cheese
cured meats
smoked meats
pickled
fermented
soybean
asian cuisine sauces (soy, shrimp, fish, miso)
snow peas/fava beans
beer, wine, liquor
dried/overripe fruit
meat tenderizer
old spoiled foods
chocolate

Question 24

what can occur with MAOI and SSRI

Answer 24

serotonin syndrome

Question 25

serotonin syndrome

Answer 25

tachycardia sweating fever/hyperthermia * shivering tremor muscle rigiidty restlessness

Question 26

SSRI

Answer 26

use beside depression anxiety OCD bulimia affect serotinin Anti slud N/H menstruation pain sexual dysfunction weight gain/loss take med in AM 4 weeks to work

Question 27

SNRI

Answer 27

affect serotonin and norepinephrine increase HR and BP

Question 28

NaSSA

Answer 28

norepinephrine and serotonin and histamine sedation and weight gain agranulocytosis safe in overdose increase lipids decrease sexual dysfunction also works in anxiety and insomnia decrease sexual dysfunction good for elderly * - sedation and weight gain might be beneficial

Question 29

NDRI

Answer 29

norepinephrine and dopamine smoking cessation no sexual dysfunction* must taper or seizure risk may cause appetite supression

Question 30

SARI

Answer 30

serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhib

Question 31

SARI trazadone

Answer 31

priapism and sedating

Question 32

Serotonin modulator and stimulator

Answer 32

atypical so works for major depression improve cognition deficits in elderly hyponatremia and hypomania

Question 33

lithium

Answer 33

depression and mania (bipolar) narrow therapeutic index (.8-1.4) toxic (1.5)

Question 34

what could cause a pt to get lithium toxiticyt

Answer 34

dehydration NSAIDS diuretics BP meds

Question 35

toxic effects of lithium acute

Answer 35

tremor ataxia confusuon convulsions N/V/D stomach pains seizures coma kidney failure nystagmus

Question 36

side effects of mood stabilizers

Answer 36

weight gain somnolence agranulocytosis thrombocytopenia hepatitis Steven johnson

Question 37

chronic lithium toxicity

Answer 37

tremor slurred speech increase reflex

Question 38

suspisois of Li tox

Answer 38

blood levels BUN creatinine

Question 39

antipsychotics first gen

Answer 39

dopamine acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine typical weight gain sedation increase prolactin anti slud increase EPS positive symptoms

Question 40

antipsychotics 2nd gen

Answer 40

dop and seroatinin schizophrenia atypical decrease EPS increase metabolic syndrome - insulin resistance positive and negative