Chapter 20 Flashcards
Biotechnology & genetic infomation
What is biotechnology?
using organisms(usually microorganisms) to produce required substances
what is genetic modification?
changing the genetic material of an organism by removing,changing or inserting indivdual genes
Name 3 reason why biotechnology & genetic modification make use of bacteria?
1.bacteria is very small & are easy to grow in a labratory
2.bacteria reproduce very quickly
3.bacteria can make complex molecules that are useful to humans
What are yeast?
a single celled fungus
How does yeast respire?
anaerobically,when it does it produces ethanol & carbon dioxide
What is the equation for yeast?
glucose»>ethanol + carbon dioxide
what is ethanol sometimes called?
bioethanol,which then can be used as fuel
How is fuel/petrol made?
by 2 crops named maize & sugarcane then yeast is added then mixed with gasoline
How is bread made?
flour is mixed with water & yeast to make dough
What makes the bread stretchy?
the gluten
What gets trapped in the dough making it to bubble?
carbon dioxide
What is pectinase?
an enzyme that is used to digest pectin,increasing the quantity of juice
what does pectinase also help with?
make juice clear rather than cloudy
What is the cloudiness in the juice causes by?
insoluble carbohydrates
what can be added to juice to make it less cloudy?
cellulase
What does biological washing powders contain?
enzymes as well as detergents
What enzymes are in washing powders?
protease & lipase sometimes also amylase
why have crop plants been genetically modified?
to make them resistant to herbicides,so spraying crop plants will kill weeds & not the crop plants
Why has rice been genetically modified?
to produce more carotone,which helps prevent blindness or death resulting in vitamin A deficientcy
