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Biology > Chapter 21-22 notecards > Flashcards

Chapter 21-22 notecards Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three basic types of plant cells

A

parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

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2
Q

which cell type is tick walled, and lignin rich that forms a supportive plant tissue

A

sclerenchyma cell

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3
Q

Which plant cell type is a cell with thin walls that form tissues within leaves, roots, stems, and fruit of plants

A

parenchyma cell

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4
Q

which plant cell type is an elongated cell with unevenly thick walls that form a supportive tissue of plants

A

collenchyma

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5
Q

which plant cell type is most common

A

parenchyma

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6
Q

what does the parenchyma do for the cells

A

stores starch, oil, and water for the plant

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7
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in green chloroplasts within parenchyma cells in leaves

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8
Q

what is one very special trait of parenchyma cells

A

they have the ability to divide throughout their entire lives

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9
Q

when are collenchyma cells more common

A

in the younger tissues of leaves and shoots

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10
Q

what is an example of a collenchyma cells

A

strings of celery

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11
Q

what is the unique feature of collenchyma cells

A

it is flexible

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12
Q

which cell type is the strongest

A

sclerenchyma

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13
Q

what is a disadvantage to sclerenchyma cells

A

cannot grow without the plant

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14
Q

where are sclerenchyma cells usually found

A

in parts of the cell that aren’t lengthening anymore

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15
Q

what is an example of sclerenchyma cells

A

fruit pits, shells of nuts.. also found in stems and leaf veins and are responsible for the gritty texture of pears

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16
Q

what are the three tissue systems in plants

A

dermal, ground and vascular

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17
Q

what is the function of the plasmodesmata

A

connects neighboring cells… cells of plant tissue can share water nutrients and chemical signals

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18
Q

what tissue system covers the outside of plants and animals and provides protection

A

dermal tissue

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19
Q

what tissue system makes up the majority of a plant

A

ground tissue

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20
Q

what is the funtion of the ground tissue

A

provides support and stores materials in roots and stems

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21
Q

what cell types do the ground tissue consist of

A

all of them

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22
Q

which tissue system is the supportive and conductive tissue in plants, consisting of xylem and phloem

A

vascular tissue

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23
Q

what can be transported thru vascular tissue

A

necessary food and nutrients

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24
Q

what is the xylem

A

tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals in vascular plants

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25
what is the phloem
vascular tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis through the plant
26
what are some structures that differ plant from animal cells
cell walls, plastids, and a large vacuole
27
what specialized cell in xylem are long and narrow where water can flow thru in openings in the thick cell walls
tracheid cells
28
what is the theory that explains how the physical properties of water allow it to move thru the xylem of plants
cohesion tension theory
29
what is the loss of water vapor from plants
transpiration
30
what cell mostly consist of phloem
sieve tube elements
31
where does the name sieve tube elements come from
the small holes in the end walls of their cells
32
what is the model for predicting how sugars are transported from photosynthetic tissue to the rest of a plant
pressure flow model
33
what do plants use to pump or load sugar into phloem at a high concentration
ATP
34
why are roots important
they anchor to the ground and form the soil they absorb water and minerals the plant needs
35
what is the center of a root or stem that contains phloem and xylem
vascular cylinder
36
what are thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell of a plant root that absorbs water and minerals from the soil
root hairs
37
what is a mass of cells that cover and protect the tips of plant roots
root cap
38
undifferentiated plant tissue from which new cells are formed
meristem
39
what are the two type of roots
taproot and fibrous root
40
what is the root type that is made up of many threadlike members of more or less equal length
fibrous root
41
which root type is the main root in some plants, usually larger than other roots growing straight down from a stem
taproot
42
how are minerals usually dissolved in soil water?
ions
43
how doplants use energy to transport nutrient ions into the roots
active transport
44
what is primary growth
stem or root grows longer
45
what is secondary growth
adds width to stems and roots of woody plants
46
each tree rings means what
each tree ring is a year of life
47
what is a basic part of the plant that is broad where most of the photosynthesis of a plant takes place
blade
48
the blade connects to the stem through what?
petiole
49
what marks where the leaf ends
axillary bud
50
what is the photosynthetic tissue of a leaf, located between the upper and lower epidermis
mesophyll
51
what makes up the veins that run through the mesophyll
xylem and phloem
52
what is the difference between the two sides of a leaf
the upper portion is where photosynthesis usually takes place... the underside portion of a leaf has stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange
53
what is a pair of cells that control the opening and closing of a stoma in plant tissue
guard cells
54
what happens when the stoma is open
water evaporates from the leaves
55
why does the stoma close
if the plant is losing water faster than its gaining it
56
know the difference between simple, compound, and double compound leaves
ok
57
what is the plant life cycle in which the plant alternates between haploid and diploid phases
alternation of generations
58
what is a diploid, spore producing phase of a plant life cycle
sporophyte
59
what is a haploid, gamete producing phase in a plant life cycle
gametophyte
60
what are eh only plants in which teh gametophyte phase is dominant
nonvascular
61
what is the dominant phase for all vascular plants
sporophyte
62
what is the familiar form for all seed plants
sporophyte
63
what are sori
clusters of sporangia( which are spore producing sacs)
64
what is a fern gametophyte often called
prothallus
65
what is the familiar form for the conifer
sporophyte
66
when do male cones release pollen
during the spring
67
in pine species, how long does it take the pollen tube to reach the egg
a year
68
what is the modified leaf that covers and protects the flower while it develops
sepals
69
what is the modified leaf that surrounds a flower's reproductive structures
petals
70
what is it called when the sepals and petals are the same
tepals
71
what is the male structure of flowering plants; includes the stalk and anther, which produces pollen
stamen
72
what is the female structure of the flowering plants; made of the ovary, style, and stigma
carpel
73
what is the organ in which female gametes develop prior to fertilization
ovary
74
how are many flowering plants are pollinated
insects, birds, animals, wind
75
what process do cells male cells divide
meiosis
76
how to the female gametes divide?
meiosis
77
how many survive
3 out of 4
78
what is the tissue within seeds of flowering plants that noursishes an embryo
endosperm
79
what is the process by which two sperm of a flowering plant join with an egg and a polar body, forming an embryo and endosperm
double fertilization

Biology (7 decks)

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