Chapter 21 Ingestion

Question 1

Plant eaters

Answer 1

Herbivores

Question 2

animal eaters

Answer 2

carnivores

Question 3

Omnivores

Answer 3

eat plants and animals

Question 4

feeders extract food from the surrounding waters.( humpback whale, oyster)

Answer 4

Suspension

Question 5

feeders that live in or on their source of food.( caterpillar, earthworms)

Answer 5

Substrate

Question 6

feeders obtain food by sucking nutrient-rich foods from a living host( mosquito, tick)

Answer 6

fluid

Question 7

feeders that ingest large pieces of food

Answer 7

Bulk

Question 8

breaking food down into absorbable molecules mechanically and chemically

Answer 8

Digestion

Question 9

cells lining the digestive tract absorb small molecules

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

undigested materials pass out of the digestive tract

Answer 10

Elimination

Question 11

digestive tract with two openings (mouth and anus)

Answer 11

Alimentary canal

Question 12

pouch like organ where food is softened or stored

Answer 12

Crop

Question 13

temporary storage but are more muscular for churning and grinding.

Answer 13

Stomach and gizzard

Question 14

where chemical digestion and nutrient absorption take place

Answer 14

Intestine

Question 15

location of fecal expulsion

Answer 15

Anus

Question 16

alternation of muscular contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles line the alimentary canal forcing food through.

Answer 16

Peristalsis

Question 17

ringlike waves that regulate the passage of food into and out of the stomach.

Answer 17

Sphincter

Question 18

serves to protect and lubricate

Answer 18

Glycoprotein

Question 19

Neutralize acids

Answer 19

Buffers

Question 20

kills food-clinging bacteria

Answer 20

antibacterial agents

Question 21

a starch digester.

Answer 21

Amilyse

Question 22

pH of 2 contains mucus, enzymes, and strong acids.

Answer 22

Gastric Juice

Question 23

secrete mucous as a lubricant.

Answer 23

Mucouse cells

Question 24

secrete hydrogen ions and chloride ions that combine in the lumen to form HCI

Answer 24

Parietal cells

Question 25

secrete pepsinogen, an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin.

Answer 25

Chief cells

Question 26

produces pancreatic digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution.

Answer 26

Pancreas

Question 27

produces bile with salts that break down fats.

Answer 27

Liver

Question 28

stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

Answer 28

gallbladder

Question 29

first 25cm of the small intestine.

Answer 29

duodenum

Question 30

contains a mass of white blood cells to make a small contribution to immunity.

Answer 30

Appendix

Question 31

larger in herbivores

Answer 31

Cecum

Question 32

deficient calories

Answer 32

Undernourishment

Question 33

missing essential nutrients

Answer 33

Malnourishment

Question 34

excess calories.

Answer 34

Over nourishment

Question 35

what are the 4 types of ingestion

Answer 35

suspension, fluid, substrate, and bulk

Question 36

3 requirements for a healthy diet

Answer 36

Fuel to power bodily activities, organic building blocks for synthesis, Essential nutrients that the body cannot produce itself.

Question 37

Proteins, carbs, and fats are too physically large to pass through

Answer 37

cell membranes

Question 38

In 5-10 seconds

Answer 38

food makes its way to the stomach

Question 39

Food stays in the stomach for

Answer 39

2-6 hours

Question 40

After the stomach food goes to the small intestine for absorption and stays there for

Answer 40

5-6 hours

Question 41

Undigested material passes through the large intestine in

Answer 41

12-24 hours

Question 42

Stomachs are the main reason animals do not have to

Answer 42

eat constantly

Question 43

The stomach can hold up to

Answer 43

2 liters of food and water

Question 44

Pepsin is responsible for the digestion of

Answer 44

Proteins

Question 45

Epithelium is constantly eroded in the stomach and is replaced about every

Answer 45

3 days

Question 46

The small intestine is responsible for the

Answer 46

majority of absorption