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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > CHAPTER 21: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 21: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM?

A

Transports and houses lymphocytes and other immune cells
returns excess fluid from tissues into the blood
-maintaining blood volume

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2
Q

what are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

make of lymph vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs
-lymph fluid within the vessels

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3
Q

where does lymph fluid come from?

A

fluid that has left the blood and was not reabsorbed
-moves from interstitial spaces into the lymphatic capillaries

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4
Q

what are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

water, dissolved solutes, small amounts of proteins.
may have cell debris, pathogens, or cancer cells

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5
Q

what is the function of lymphatic capillaries?

A

absorb interstitial fluid
flaps between cells allow fluid in but not out (circulate)

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6
Q

In the GI tract, what are lymphatic capillaries called and what is their specific function within these organs?

A

lacteals; absorb lipid soluble substances from the GI tract

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7
Q

Describe lymphatic capillaries structural characteristics and where they are found (and not found).

A

small, close ended vessels
walls made of overlapping endothelial cells
found: amongst most blood capillaries
do not find them: avascular tissues, red bone marrow, the spleen or CNS

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8
Q

What causes fluid to move into the lymphatic capillaries?

A

Hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid
-pushed fluid into lymphatic capillaries

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9
Q

what structure do the lymphatic capillaries drain into?

A

lymph moves through vessels of larger and larger size before being returned into blood ciculation
CAPILLARIES–> VESSELS–>TRUNKS–>DUCTS
DRAINS INTO (HEART)

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10
Q

LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT STRUCTURE DRAINS INTO THEM?

A

CAPILLARIES FEED INTO THE VESSELS

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11
Q

LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT WILL BE FOUND NEAR THEM?

A

FOUND NEXT TO ARTERIES AND VEINS

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12
Q

LYMPHATIC VESSELS: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS

A

CONTAIN TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, EXTERNA AND ALSO HAVE VALVES

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13
Q

Because there is no pump associated with the lymphatic vessels, what is used in order to move the fluid within these vessels?

A

USE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND RESPIRATION AS WELL AS THE PULSATIONS OF NEARBY ARTERIES OR CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN NEARBY ORGANS

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14
Q

What do lymph vessels drain into?

A

lymphatic trunks on both of the right and left side of the body

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15
Q

**What drains into lymphatic trunks?

A

lymphatic vessels

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16
Q

**What are lymphatic trunks associated with?

A

associated with draining specific areas of the body:
jugular trunk
subclavian trunks
broncho mediastinal trunks
intestinal trunk
lumbar trunks

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17
Q

**What do the lymphatic ducts do with the fluid that they receive?

A

bring lymph back to venous blood circulation

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18
Q

**what drains into lymphatic ducts?

A

lymphatic ducts

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19
Q

***what are the two lymphatic ducts?

A

Right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

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20
Q

***name, location and what part of body the right lymphatic duct is draining?

A

location: near right clavicle
drains upper right quadrant
a. right side of the head and neck
b. right upper limb
c. right side of the thorax

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21
Q

***name, location and what part of body the thoracic duct is draining?

A

the larger duct
drains the rest of the body
a.left side of the head and neck
b.left upper limb
c.left upper limb
d.all of the abdomen
d.both lower limbs

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22
Q

***Define primary lymphoid structures

A

formation and maturation of lymphocytes

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23
Q

***define secondary lymphoid structures

A

house the lymphocytes and other immune cells
where the immune response is initiated
lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules
MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

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24
Q

***Which lymphoid structures are primary?

A

-red bone marrow, thymus

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25
Q

***Which lymphoid structures are secondary?

A

lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules
MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

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26
Q

What does a lymphoid organ have that makes it different from other lymphoid secondary structures?

A

lymphoid organs have a complete dense irregular connective tissue tissue capsule (spleen and lymph nodes)
other structures do not have a complete capsule, or may lack a capsule. (tonsils, MALT, diffuse lymphoid nodules)

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27
Q

RED BONE MARROW:
a. Where is it?
b. Is it a primary or secondary lymphoid structure?
c. What process occurs here?
D. Where do these cells go to mature?

A

A. forming in bone marrow/found in spongy bone
B. primary structure
c. site of hematopoiesis
d. after T-lymphocytes form they migrate to the thymus to complete maturation

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28
Q

T/F- THE THYMUS LOCATED IN MEDIASTINUM

A

TRUE

29
Q

IS THE THYMUS A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?

A

PRIMARY

30
Q

HOW IS THE THYMUS DIFFERENT IN ADULTS VERUS CHILDREN?

A

LARGERIN CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS; REPLACED BY ADIPOSE TISSUE AFTER PUBERTY

31
Q

WHAT OCCURS IN THE THE THYMUS?

A

T-LYMPHOCYTE MATURATION

32
Q

THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE CORTEX?

A

IMMATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES

33
Q

THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE MEDULLA?

A

MATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES

34
Q

ENCAPSULATED AND FOUND ALONG THE PATHWAYS OF THE LYMPH VESSELS WHERE THEY SERVE AS THE MAIN LYMPHOID ORGAN. WHAT AM I CALLED?

A

LYMPH NODES

35
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
LYMPH NODES ARE PRIMARY STRUCTURES

A

FALSE

36
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODES?

A

FILTERING OF LYMPH AND REMOVAL OF UNWANTED SUBSTANCES

37
Q

How does the lymph fluid enter the lymph node?

A

AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS BRING THE LYMPH INTO THE NODE

38
Q

How does the lymph fluid LEAVE the lymph node?

A

LYMPH IS DRAINED THE EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL (HILUM) FROMTTHIS REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE

39
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
CORTEX CONTAINS LYMPHOID NODULES

A

TRUE

40
Q

True/false:
cortex contains lymphoid nodules and houses lymphocytes and some macrophages

A

TRUE

41
Q

WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE IN THE MEDULLA ?

A

IMMUNE CELLS

42
Q

DEFINE SPLEEN AND IS IT A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?

A

-LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY
LOCATED IN THE LEFT UPPER QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMEN
-SECONDARY STRUCTURE

43
Q

I AM THE LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY. WHAT AM I?

A

SPLEEN

44
Q

What vessels are associated with it and where can they be found?

A

SPLEEN ARTERY AND VEIN;HELIUM

45
Q

What is white pulp and what does it contain?

A

IS CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES AROUND A CENTRAL ARTERY

46
Q

What is red pulp and what does it contain?

A

CONTAINS OTHER FORMED ELEMENTS AND IS WHERE RBCS AND PLATELETS ARE STORED

47
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

blood flows through the spleen and it is filtered
eat foreign particles
clear defective erythrocytes and platelets
store erythrocytes and platelets

48
Q

what are non functions of the spleen?

A

lymph is not filtered here even though this is a lymphatic organ

49
Q

IN THE FIRST 5 MONTHS OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT, THIS IS WHERE BLOOD CELLS ARE MADE. CAN BE REMOVED BUT DO NOT WANT IT TO BURST.

A

SPLEEN

50
Q

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE THREE TONSILS?

A

PHARYNGEAL TONSIL
PALATINE TONSILS
LINGUAL TONSILS

51
Q

WHERE IS THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL FOUND?

A

NASOPHARYNX

52
Q

WHERE IS THE PALATINE TONSIL FOUND?

A

POSTEROLATERAL ORAL

53
Q

WHERE IS THE LINGUAL TONSILS FOUND?

A

POSTERIOR 1/3 OF TONGUE

54
Q

WHICH TONSIL IS CALLED ADENOIDS WHEN SWOLLEN?

A

PHARYNGEAL

55
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: TONSILS IS A SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE

A

TRUE

56
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TONSILS?

A

IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

57
Q

TONSILLAR CRYPTS ARE NOT KNOWN FOR TRAPPING MATERIAL. TRUE/FALSE

A

FALSE

58
Q

LYMPHOID NODULES ARE MADE OF CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOID CELLS WITH SOME EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

59
Q

ARE LYMPHOID NODULES PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMOPHOID STRUCTURES?

A

SECONDARY

60
Q

WHERE ARE LMYPHOID NODULES FOUND?

A

FOUND IN EVERY BODY ORGAN

61
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES AND MALT?

A

DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES:SCATTERED
MALT:CLUSTERED INTO LARGER STRUCTURE

62
Q

I AM FOUND IN GI, RESPIRATORY, GENITAL, AND URINARY TRACTS ESPECIALLY THE SMALL INTESTINE. WHAT AM I?

A

MALT

63
Q

WHAT IS MALT

A

MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

64
Q

WHAT IS MALT CALLED IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?

A

PEYER PATCHES

65
Q

DEFINE LYMPHEDEMA

A

ACCUMLATING OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID DUE TO THE TRAUMA OR INFECTION OF LYMPH VESSELS OR TUMORS

66
Q

SYMPTOMS OF LYMPHEDEMA

A

SWELLING AND PAIN
CAN INTERFERE WITH WOUND HEALING AND RESPONSE TO INFECTION

67
Q

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: WHAT ARE SOME WAYS THAT LYMPHEDEMA CAN BE MANAGED?
A.COMPRESSION GARMENTS
B.EXERCISE
C.SLEEPING
D.MASSAGE

A

COMPRESSION GARMENTS
EXERCISE
MASSAGE

68
Q

HOW IS THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM RELATED TO METASTASIS OF CANCER CELLS?

A

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS A PRIMARY MECHANISM FOR TUMORS TO MOVE TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (8 decks)

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