CHAPTER 21: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards by Marquita Perry

WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM?

Transports and houses lymphocytes and other immune cells
returns excess fluid from tissues into the blood
-maintaining blood volume

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what are the components of the lymphatic system?

make of lymph vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs
-lymph fluid within the vessels

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where does lymph fluid come from?

fluid that has left the blood and was not reabsorbed
-moves from interstitial spaces into the lymphatic capillaries

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what are the components of the lymphatic system?

water, dissolved solutes, small amounts of proteins.
may have cell debris, pathogens, or cancer cells

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what is the function of lymphatic capillaries?

absorb interstitial fluid
flaps between cells allow fluid in but not out (circulate)

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In the GI tract, what are lymphatic capillaries called and what is their specific function within these organs?

lacteals; absorb lipid soluble substances from the GI tract

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Describe lymphatic capillaries structural characteristics and where they are found (and not found).

small, close ended vessels
walls made of overlapping endothelial cells
found: amongst most blood capillaries
do not find them: avascular tissues, red bone marrow, the spleen or CNS

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What causes fluid to move into the lymphatic capillaries?

Hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid
-pushed fluid into lymphatic capillaries

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what structure do the lymphatic capillaries drain into?

lymph moves through vessels of larger and larger size before being returned into blood ciculation
CAPILLARIES–> VESSELS–>TRUNKS–>DUCTS
DRAINS INTO (HEART)

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LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT STRUCTURE DRAINS INTO THEM?

CAPILLARIES FEED INTO THE VESSELS

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LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT WILL BE FOUND NEAR THEM?

FOUND NEXT TO ARTERIES AND VEINS

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LYMPHATIC VESSELS: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS

CONTAIN TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, EXTERNA AND ALSO HAVE VALVES

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Because there is no pump associated with the lymphatic vessels, what is used in order to move the fluid within these vessels?

USE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND RESPIRATION AS WELL AS THE PULSATIONS OF NEARBY ARTERIES OR CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN NEARBY ORGANS

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What do lymph vessels drain into?

lymphatic trunks on both of the right and left side of the body

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**What drains into lymphatic trunks?

lymphatic vessels

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**What are lymphatic trunks associated with?

associated with draining specific areas of the body:
jugular trunk
subclavian trunks
broncho mediastinal trunks
intestinal trunk
lumbar trunks

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**What do the lymphatic ducts do with the fluid that they receive?

bring lymph back to venous blood circulation

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**what drains into lymphatic ducts?

lymphatic ducts

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***what are the two lymphatic ducts?

Right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct

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***name, location and what part of body the right lymphatic duct is draining?

location: near right clavicle
drains upper right quadrant
a. right side of the head and neck
b. right upper limb
c. right side of the thorax

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***name, location and what part of body the thoracic duct is draining?

the larger duct
drains the rest of the body
a.left side of the head and neck
b.left upper limb
c.left upper limb
d.all of the abdomen
d.both lower limbs

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***Define primary lymphoid structures

formation and maturation of lymphocytes

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***define secondary lymphoid structures

house the lymphocytes and other immune cells
where the immune response is initiated
lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules
MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

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***Which lymphoid structures are primary?

-red bone marrow, thymus

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***Which lymphoid structures are secondary?

lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

What does a lymphoid organ have that makes it different from other lymphoid secondary structures?

lymphoid organs have a complete dense irregular connective tissue tissue capsule (spleen and lymph nodes) other structures do not have a complete capsule, or may lack a capsule. (tonsils, MALT, diffuse lymphoid nodules)

RED BONE MARROW: a. Where is it? b. Is it a primary or secondary lymphoid structure? c. What process occurs here? D. Where do these cells go to mature?

A. forming in bone marrow/found in spongy bone B. primary structure c. site of hematopoiesis d. after T-lymphocytes form they migrate to the thymus to complete maturation

T/F- THE THYMUS LOCATED IN MEDIASTINUM

TRUE

IS THE THYMUS A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?

PRIMARY

HOW IS THE THYMUS DIFFERENT IN ADULTS VERUS CHILDREN?

LARGERIN CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS; REPLACED BY ADIPOSE TISSUE AFTER PUBERTY

WHAT OCCURS IN THE THE THYMUS?

T-LYMPHOCYTE MATURATION

THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE CORTEX?

IMMATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES

THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE MEDULLA?

MATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES

ENCAPSULATED AND FOUND ALONG THE PATHWAYS OF THE LYMPH VESSELS WHERE THEY SERVE AS THE MAIN LYMPHOID ORGAN. WHAT AM I CALLED?

LYMPH NODES

TRUE/FALSE: LYMPH NODES ARE PRIMARY STRUCTURES

FALSE

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODES?

FILTERING OF LYMPH AND REMOVAL OF UNWANTED SUBSTANCES

How does the lymph fluid enter the lymph node?

AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS BRING THE LYMPH INTO THE NODE

How does the lymph fluid LEAVE the lymph node?

LYMPH IS DRAINED THE EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL (HILUM) FROMTTHIS REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE

TRUE/FALSE: CORTEX CONTAINS LYMPHOID NODULES

TRUE

True/false: cortex contains lymphoid nodules and houses lymphocytes and some macrophages

TRUE

WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE IN THE MEDULLA ?

IMMUNE CELLS

DEFINE SPLEEN AND IS IT A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?

-LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY LOCATED IN THE LEFT UPPER QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMEN -SECONDARY STRUCTURE

I AM THE LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY. WHAT AM I?

SPLEEN

What vessels are associated with it and where can they be found?

SPLEEN ARTERY AND VEIN;HELIUM

What is white pulp and what does it contain?

IS CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES AROUND A CENTRAL ARTERY

What is red pulp and what does it contain?

CONTAINS OTHER FORMED ELEMENTS AND IS WHERE RBCS AND PLATELETS ARE STORED

What are the functions of the spleen?

blood flows through the spleen and it is filtered eat foreign particles clear defective erythrocytes and platelets store erythrocytes and platelets

what are non functions of the spleen?

lymph is not filtered here even though this is a lymphatic organ

IN THE FIRST 5 MONTHS OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT, THIS IS WHERE BLOOD CELLS ARE MADE. CAN BE REMOVED BUT DO NOT WANT IT TO BURST.

SPLEEN

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE THREE TONSILS?

PHARYNGEAL TONSIL PALATINE TONSILS LINGUAL TONSILS

WHERE IS THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL FOUND?

NASOPHARYNX

WHERE IS THE PALATINE TONSIL FOUND?

POSTEROLATERAL ORAL

WHERE IS THE LINGUAL TONSILS FOUND?

POSTERIOR 1/3 OF TONGUE

WHICH TONSIL IS CALLED ADENOIDS WHEN SWOLLEN?

PHARYNGEAL

TRUE OR FALSE: TONSILS IS A SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE

TRUE

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TONSILS?

IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE

TONSILLAR CRYPTS ARE NOT KNOWN FOR TRAPPING MATERIAL. TRUE/FALSE

FALSE

LYMPHOID NODULES ARE MADE OF CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOID CELLS WITH SOME EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX TRUE/FALSE

TRUE

ARE LYMPHOID NODULES PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMOPHOID STRUCTURES?

SECONDARY

WHERE ARE LMYPHOID NODULES FOUND?

FOUND IN EVERY BODY ORGAN

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES AND MALT?

DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES:SCATTERED MALT:CLUSTERED INTO LARGER STRUCTURE

I AM FOUND IN GI, RESPIRATORY, GENITAL, AND URINARY TRACTS ESPECIALLY THE SMALL INTESTINE. WHAT AM I?

MALT

WHAT IS MALT

MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE

WHAT IS MALT CALLED IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?

PEYER PATCHES

DEFINE LYMPHEDEMA

ACCUMLATING OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID DUE TO THE TRAUMA OR INFECTION OF LYMPH VESSELS OR TUMORS

SYMPTOMS OF LYMPHEDEMA

SWELLING AND PAIN CAN INTERFERE WITH WOUND HEALING AND RESPONSE TO INFECTION

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: WHAT ARE SOME WAYS THAT LYMPHEDEMA CAN BE MANAGED? A.COMPRESSION GARMENTS B.EXERCISE C.SLEEPING D.MASSAGE

COMPRESSION GARMENTS EXERCISE MASSAGE

HOW IS THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM RELATED TO METASTASIS OF CANCER CELLS?

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS A PRIMARY MECHANISM FOR TUMORS TO MOVE TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY