Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 2 > CHAPTER 22: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 22: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

NAME FIVE INFECTIOUS AGENTS

A

BACTERIA
VIRUSES
FUNGI
PROTOZOANS
MULTICELLULAR PARASITES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DEFINE BACTERIA. PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

MOST ARE HARMLESS, SOME VIRULENT (CAN CAUSE SERIOUS ILLNESS)
EX: TETANUS, STREP THROAT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DESCRIBE VIRUSES. PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

HAVE DNA OR RNA IN A PROTEIN SHELL, SMALLER THAN CELLS, MUST GET INTO A CELL REPLICATE
EX: COMMON COLD, EBOLA, CHICKEN BOX (HERPES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DESCRIBE FUNGI. PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

RELEASE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES AND CASUE SUPERFICIAL DISEASES OR CAN AFFECT MUCOSAL LININGS AND LEAD TO INTERNAL INFECTION
EX: RINGWORM, YEAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DESCRIBE PROTOZOANS
PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

INTRACELLULAR OR EXTRACELLULAR
EX: MALARIA
TRICHOMONIASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DESCRIBE MULTICELLULAR PARASITES
PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

NONMICROSCOPIC, TAKE NORISHMENT FROM THEIR HOST
EX: TAPEWORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHAT BLOOD CELL HAS IMMUNE FUNCTION?

A

LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: LEUKOCYTES ARE FORMED IN THE RED BONE MARROW

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two classes of leukocytes?

A

granulocytes, agranulocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what cells fit into the granulocytes? choose all that apply
a.neutrophils
b.platelets
c.eosinophils
d. basophils

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what cells fit into agranulocytes?

A

monocytes, lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

I become macrophages when i leave blood. what am i called?

A

monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

list the three types of lymphocytes

A

B
T
NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

immune cells are found in the body tissues not in the blood. choose all that apply that will best fit the area where they will be found:
skin and mucous membrane
connective tissue
organs
red blood cells
primary lymphoid structure
secondary lymphoid structure

A

skin and mucous membrane (dendritic cells)
connective tissue (mast cells)
organs
secondary lymphoid structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

I am a small protein that regulates immune activity, short half life, released from one cell to bind to another cell. What am I ?

A

cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what structures will affect the cytokines?

A

signal cells(immune and non-immune)
control development of immune cells
regulate inflammatory response
destroy cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DEFINE INNATE IMMUNITY

A

PRESENT AT BIRTH
DOES NOT NEED EXPOSURE
NONSPECIFIC PROTECTION
RESPONDS IMMEDIATELY TO POTIENTAL HARM
EX; SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE BARRIERS-FEVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DEFINE ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

A

ACQUIRED
SPECIFIC RESPONSES TO ANTIGENS
CELLS RESPOND TO SPECIFIC FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
TAKES SEVERAL DAYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE

A

IS THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES
EX: PHYSICAL BARRIER
SWEAT, SEBUM, MUCUS, ANTIMICROBIALS

20
Q

SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE

A

IS INTERNAL PROCESSES
EX; CELLS, CHEMICALS AND COMPLEMENT, INFLAMMATION AND FEVER

21
Q

IS THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE INNATE OR ADAPTIVE?
PROVIDE EXAMPLE

A

INNATE; IT IS EXTERNAL; FEVER

22
Q

IS THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE INNATE OR ADAPTIVE?
PROVIDE EXAMPLES

A

ADAPTIVE; INTERNAL;
CELLS
CHEMICALS AND COMPLEMENT
INFLAMMATION AND FEVER

23
Q

CYTOKINES THAT INTERFERE WITH THE SPREAD OF INTRACELLULAR PATHOGENS.
-PREVENT INFECTION IN NEIGHBORING CELLS
-TRIGGER NK CELLS

A

INTERFERONS

24
Q

SIGNS OF INFLAMMATION

A

REDNESS
HEAT
SWELLING
PAIN
LOSS OF FUNCTION

25
Q

WHAT IS UNFLAMMATION A SIGN OF?

A

TISSUE DAMAGE

26
Q

WHAT IS THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION?

A

ACUTE: SIGNS OF HEALING 8-10 DAYS
CHRONIC: HAS NEGATIVE EFFECTS

27
Q

T/F: INFLAMMATION IS A POSITIVE FEEDBACK

A

TRUE

28
Q

Why should you let a low grade fever run its course but not let a high grade fever run its course?

A

A LOW FEVER WILL TURN BACK TO ITS NORMAL TEMP BUT A HIGH GRADE FEVER CAUSE HAVE HIGH RISKS SUCH AS SEIZURES

29
Q

Explain what process leads to the development of a fever and the steps of feedback that exist to maintain the fever and then end the fever.

A

-pyrogens target hypothalamus which will release prostaglandin E2
-hypothalamus raises temperatures set point
-fever starts, temp starts to rise
-elevated temp is maintained
-metabolic rate increases
-temp returns to normal

30
Q

What are the benefits of fever?

A

inhibits reproduction of bacteria and viruses, promotes interferon activity, increases adaptive immunity, accelerates tissue repair

31
Q

what is elevated body temperature?

A

to release of pyrogens from immune cells

32
Q

what is a immunoglobulins and what are their function?

A

proteins that are produced against a particular antigen
function: tag pathogens that need to be destroyed by the immune system

33
Q

name the five major classes of immunoglobulins

A

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

34
Q

antibody actions: define neutralization
is it good for bacteria or viruses?

A

antibody that covers the pathogen and makes it ineffective at establishing an infection
-it is good for viruses

35
Q

antibody actions: define agglutination
is it good for viruses or bacteria?

A

antibody crosslinks foreign cells together and causes clumping
-good for bacteria

36
Q

antibody actions: define precipitation

A

antibody forms complex with the antibody and then precipitates out of the body fluids

37
Q

Immunoglobulins: IgG

A

75-85% of the antibodies in the blood and other body fluids
participates in all types of antibody actions
crosses the placenta (small in size)
found in colostrum
-baby has some antibodies as mother for about the first 6 months of life

38
Q

mostly found in blood
largest
responsible for rejection of mismatched transfusions
first antibody to appear when exposed to a new antigen
acute phase antibody

A

Immunoglobulins: IgM

39
Q

exposed to the environment
helps prevent pathogens from getting through epithelium
protects respiratory and gi tract

A

Immunoglobulins: IgA

40
Q

antigen specific B lymphocytes receptor
recognizes when immature b lymphocytes are ready for activation
usually associated with IgM
binds and activates basophils and mast cells
antimicrobial response in respiratory system

A

Immunoglobulins: IgD

41
Q

formed in response to parasites and allergic reactions
causes release of products from basophils and mast cells
attracts eosinophils
associated with defense against venom

A

Immunoglobulins: IgE

42
Q

active immunity: what does this type of immunity develop?

A

direct encounter with pathogen

43
Q

T/F- active immunity: there can be a natural exposure to the antigen or be artificial through a vaccine

A

true

44
Q

what forms activate immunity?

A

memory cells against a specific antigen

45
Q

passive immunity: what does this type of immunity develop?

A

when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through his or her own immune system;
natural transfer of antibodies from mother to baby( through placenta or milk)

46
Q

passive immunity: What are some exposures that lead to this type of immunity?

A

-natural transfer of antibodies from mother to baby( through placenta or milk)
-artificially using serum from one person to another
( antibodies to snake venom)

47
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions