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Microbiologyh > Chapter 21 - Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Microbial Diseases Of The Skin And Eyes Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

Staphylococcus skin infections can be treated with

A

Penicillin

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2
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

-folliculis that infect hair follicle
-direct invasion

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3
Q

Sty

A

S. Aureus
-folliculitis of an eyelash

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4
Q

Furnace

A

S. Aureus
-pus formation
-red, swollen, pain, pus

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5
Q

Carbuncle

A

S. Aureus
-inflammation of tissue under skin
-pus, systemic; various organs
-surgical removal or drainage of pus, then start antibiotics

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6
Q

Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

A

-found in children and elderly
-general redness on skin, irritation, rash
-no pus (blisters are filled with clear fluid)
-blisters break and skin peels off in sheets

-leaves skin vulnerable (to something like strep)

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7
Q

Why does SSSS cause blisters

A

Exfoliative exotoxin that destroys skin cells by breaking ester bonds
-desquamation

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8
Q

treatment for SSSS

A

Penicillin, isolation

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9
Q

What causes Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

S. Aureus

-tampons, after child birth and surgery

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10
Q

Symptoms of Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Fever, headache, muscle aches, confusion sunburn rash (becomes SSSS), nausea, bloodshot eyes, vomiting, diarrhea, kidney failure, shock, death

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11
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome (3)

A
  1. Super antigenic response due to TSS exotoxins (TSS toxin-1 or TSST-2)

2.tampon nutrient rich breeding ground for exotoxins and entry point

  1. Tampon material scrapes vagina epithelium (depletes Mg and triggers exotoxins)
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12
Q

Preventative for Toxic Shock Syndrome

A

Handwashing before and after, absorbency levels, change, do not wear at night

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13
Q

Impetigo symptoms (S. aureus)

A

Yellowish crusting pus sores, local inflammation

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14
Q

Impetigo (S. aureus)

A

-no exotoxin
-pyoderma
-affects newborns
-need stain

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15
Q

Streptococcal Pyogenes

A

Direct invasion -> M proteins

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16
Q

Impetigo (S.pyrogenes)

A

Yellowish crusting pus sores, no exotoxin, pyoderma, inflammation that enters lymph
-need stain
-affects preschool (3 to 5)

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17
Q

Erysipeias

A

S. Pyogenes

-infection of dermal regions (deeper)
-reddish

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18
Q

Erysipeias symptoms

A

Reddish, raised, can become septicaemia

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19
Q

Septicaemia

A

Blood born

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20
Q

Pyoderma

A

Enters lymph node and blood stream

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21
Q

Erysipeias is treated with

A

Penicillin and cephalosporin

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22
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis

A

S. Pyogenes

-enters via breaks in skin and secretes: collagenaise, hyaluronidase, exotoxin A

-spreads to several organs
-50% mortality rate

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23
Q

Necrotizing fasciitis secretes (3)

A

-collagenaise
-hyaluronidase
-exotoxin A

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24
Q

-collagenaise

A

Breaks down tissues

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25
-hyaluronidase
Fragment and breakdown tissue
26
-exotoxin A
Active -cells react and disrupt (kill)
27
Treatment for necrotizing fasciitis
Amputation
28
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gram neg, pyocyanin
29
pyocyanin
Blue and green pus
30
Dermatitis
P. Aeruginosa -goes away by itself, can last 2 weeks -caused by water
31
Symptoms of dermatitis
Skin rash
32
Otitis externa
P. Aeruginosa -middle ear infection, infects eardrum -caused by water
33
Opportunistic infections
P. Aeruginosa -blue/green pus -spread through flower vases, mop water
34
Examples of Opportunistic infections
-post burn victims -immunosuppressed and cancer patients -cystic fibrosis
35
warts are caused by
Human papilloma viruses or HPV
36
HPV facts
50 species -16 to 18 are associated with cervical cancer
37
Warts are spread through
Interpersonal contact, formites (towels), sexual contact, moist areas
38
Treatment for warts
Liquid nitrogen (freezing and cryotherapy), electrodessication, salicylic acid, laser
39
What virus do you have for life
Human herpes simplex virus -HHSV
40
HHSV1 causes
Cold sores, fever, blisters
41
HHSV 1 is spread by
Oral and respiratory route
42
HHSV 1 is latent in
Trigeminal nerve (near the eye) -CN V -site of activity on margin of the lips
43
HHSV 1 reaccurance
Hormonal or emotional -goes away on its own
44
Other forms of HHSV 1
-hepatic whitlow (finger) -ocular infections (eye)
45
HHV 2 causes
Genital sores
46
HHV 2 latent in
Sacral nerve
47
What is the danger of HHV 2
H2 encephalitis -70 percent death rate -enter the brain via blood
48
Treatment for HHV 2
Acyclovir (travels towards brain)
49
Other forms of HHV 2
Hepatic whitlow and ocular infections
50
Hepatic whitlow
Finger infection, latent in arm and upper arm nerves (brachial)
51
Ocular herpes
Eye infection
52
Herpes 1 and 2 can only happen between
Oral sex
53
HHSV 3 causes
Varicella and zoster
54
Varicella causes
Chicken pox
55
Process of varicella
Macule —> papule —>vesicle, then fills with fluid —>pustle —>crusts —> scars
56
Pustle
Pus, scraping, causes secondary infections
57
Varicella is spread by
Respiratory tract into blood into skin
58
Varicella is latent
In dorsal root ganglion (spinal nerve) and reappears as shingles
59
Varicella treatment
Immunization
60
Zoster causes
Shingles
61
Zoster is found in
Dorsal root ganglion, then moves down to infect (pestular expression)
62
Zoster symptoms
-not itchy but painful and lasting weeks
63
Where is zoster located
Girdle area of body (abdomen)
64
Treatment for zoster
Vaccine for 50+
65
Exanthem
66
Two forms of measles
-rubeola -rubella
67
Symptoms of rubeola
Macular red rash -normal cold fever flu -Koplik spots (oral lining with white dots) that appear all over body -can become middle ear infection or pneumonia
68
If rubeola appears in pregnant women
Low birth weight, still born, miscarriage
69
Risk of rubeola
-Brain encephalitis -subacute sclerosis pain ecephalitis (persistent brain infection)
70
Rubeola treatment
MmR vaccine, no antivirals
71
Rubella symptoms
Three day measles, much milder -pink rash (high conjentile transfer)
72
Rubella risk
Sever baby mental defects, cataracts, deafness
73
Rubella treatment
MmR vaccine, no antivirals
74
Conjunctivitis
Pink eye/red eye -bacteria or virus (rubeola)
75
Symptoms of conjunctivitis
Inflammation of eye, red, swollen, teary, highly selective, pus
76
Conjunctivitis is spread by
Contact lenses -pseudomonas
77
Trachoma
C.trachomatis -leading cause of blindness
78
Trachoma symptoms
Start as connectivity’s of eyelid, then eyelid turn inward, abroading cornea causing trichiasis -loss of eye sight leads to blindness
79
Trachoma treatment
Tetracycline, erythromycin and penicillin

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