Chapter 21: Vocabulary

Question 1

Jackson’s Theory of Thermal Wounds

Answer 1

Explanation of the physical effects of thermal burns

Question 2

Zone of Coagulation

Answer 2

Area in a burn nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thromboses blood vessels

Question 3

Zone of stasis

Answer 3

Area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow

Question 4

Zone of hyperemia

Answer 4

Are peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow

Question 5

Emergent Phase

Answer 5

First stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain-mediated reaction.
During this phase PT exhibits tachycardia, tachypnea, and mild hypertension and anxiety.

Question 6

Fluid Shift Phase

Answer 6

Stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space- occurs in those with thermal burns larger than 15-20% of body’s surface- last for 6-8 hours
PT exhibits massive edema.

Question 7

Hypermetabolic Phase

Answer 7

Stage of the burn process in which there is increased body metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the burn- may last ver several days or weeks.
PT exhibits large increase in body’s demand for nutrients

Question 8

Resolution Phase

Answer 8

Final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed.

Question 9

Intravascular space

Answer 9

The volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system

Question 10

Extravascular Space

Answer 10

The volume contained by all the cells (intracellular space) and the spaces between the cells (interstitial space)

Question 11

Voltage

Answer 11

The difference of electric potential between two points with different concentrations of electrons

Question 12

Current

Answer 12

The rate of flow of an electric charge

Question 13

Ampere

Answer 13

Basic unit for measuring the strength of an electric current

Question 14

Resistance

Answer 14

Property of a conductor that opposes the passage of an electric current

Question 15

Ohm

Answer 15

Basic unit for measuring the strength of electrical resistance

Question 16

Ohm’s law

Answer 16

The physical law identifying that the current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance.
V=IR or I=V/R

Question 17

Joule’s Law

Answer 17

The physical law stating that the rate of heat production is directly proportional tot the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current.
P=I(squared)Rt

Question 18

Coagulation necrosis

Answer 18

The process in which an acid, whir destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that limits further damage

Question 19

Liquefaction Necrosis

Answer 19

The process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue

Question 20

Ionizing Radiation

Answer 20

Electromagnetic radiation or particulate radiation that ionizes materials that absorb the radiation. Ionizing radiation can penetrate the body cells, depositing an electrical charge that, when sufficiently intense, kills the cells.

Question 21

Half-life

Answer 21

Time required for half the nuclei of a radioactive substance to lose activity by radioactive decay. In biology and pharmacology, the time required by the body to metabolize and inactivate half of a substance taken in.

Question 22

Ionization

Answer 22

The changing of a substance into separate charged particles (ions)

Question 23

Radioactive substance

Answer 23

A substance that emits ionizing radiation, also called radionuclide or radioisotope.

Question 24

Radiation absorbed dose (RAD)

Answer 24

Basic unit of absorbed radiation dose

Question 25

Gray (Gy)

Answer 25

A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads

Question 26

Roentgen equivalent in man (REM)

Answer 26

A gauge of the likely injury to the irradiated part of an organism

Question 27

Supraglottic

Answer 27

Referred to the upper airway

Question 28

Subglottic

Answer 28

Referring to the lower airway

Question 29

Superficial Burn

Answer 29

``` A burn that involves only the epidermis; characterized by reddening of the skin; also called a first-degree burn Characterized by : Pain Minor Edema Erythema ```

Question 30

Partial-thickness burn

Answer 30

Burn in which the epidermis is burned through hand the dermis is damaged; characterized by redness and blistering; also called a second degree burn Characterized by: Pain, Edema, erythema, blisters

Question 31

Full-thickness burn

Answer 31

Burn that damages all layers of the skin; characterized by areas that are white and dry; ask called third-degree burn Characterized by: Painless, tissue is destroyed White, brown, or charred leather like appearance.

Question 32

Body Surface area (BSA)

Answer 32

Amount of a patient's body affected by a burn

Question 33

Rule of Nines

Answer 33

Method of estimating amount of body surface are a burned by a division of the body into regions, each of which represents approximately 9 precent of total BSA (plus 1 percent for the genital region)

Question 34

Rule of Palms

Answer 34

Method of estimating amount of body surface are burned that sizes the are burned in comparison to the patient's palmar surface. Palm without fingers represents about 1% of BSA.

Question 35

Eschar

Answer 35

Hard, leathery precut of a del full-thickness burn; it consists of dead and denatured skin.

Question 36

Parkland Formula

Answer 36

Formula that shows approximate fluid loss of PT over 24 hours in relation to weight and BSA burned. 4mL x PT weight in kg x BSA burned = Amount of fluid loss over 24 hours

Question 37

Blepharospasm

Answer 37

Twitching of the eyelids