Chapter 6: Drug Classifications

Question 1

Prototype

Answer 1

Drug that best demonstrates the class’s common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics.

Question 2

Analgesic

Answer 2

Medication that relieves the sensation of pain

Question 3

Analgesia

Answer 3

The absence of the sensation of pain

Question 4

Anesthesia

Answer 4

The absence of all sensation

Question 5

Adjunct medication

Answer 5

Agent that enhances the effects of other drugs.

Question 6

Opioid Agonist

Answer 6

Prototype- Morphine
Effectively treats pain
Decreases the sensory neurons’ ability to propagate pain impulses the the spinal cord and brain.

Question 7

Non-opioid Analgesics

Answer 7

Affect the production of prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase, important neurotransmitters involved in the pain response.

Question 8

Opioid Antagonists

Answer 8

Prototype- Naloxone (Narcan)

Competitively binds with opioid receptors.

Question 9

Adjunct Medications

Answer 9

Given to enhance the effects of other drugs.

Question 10

Opioid Agonist-Antagonists

Answer 10

Prototype- Pentazocine (Talwin)

Decreases pain response and has fewer respiratory depressants and addictive side effects that morphine.

Question 11

Anesthetic

Answer 11

Medication that induces a loss of sensation to touch or pain.

Question 12

Neuroleptanesthesia

Answer 12

Anesthesia that combines decreased sensation of pain with amnesia while the patient remains conscious.

Question 13

Sedation

Answer 13

State of decreased anxiety and inhibitions.

Question 14

Hypnosis

Answer 14

Instigation of sleep.

Question 15

Central nervous system stimulant

Methylxanthines

Answer 15

Prototype- Caffeine

Seems to block adenosine receptors.

Question 16

Psychotherapeutic Medication

Answer 16

Treats mental disfunction

Question 17

Neuroleptic

Answer 17

Antipsychotic medications

Question 18

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Answer 18

Common side effect of antipsychotic medications, including muscle tremors, and parkinsonism-like effects

Question 19

Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA)

Answer 19

Prototype- Imipramine (Tofranil)
Treats Depression
Blockin the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, the extending the duration of their actions.

Question 20

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer 20

Prototype-Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Antidepressant
Comparable with TCA but don’t effect dopamine or norepinephrine and don’t block histaminic or cholinergic receptors, and thus avoid negative side effects of TCAs.

Question 21

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 21

Prototype-Phenelzine (Nardil)

Treat depression refractory to TCA’s and SSRIs.

Question 22

Parkinsons Disease

Anticholinergic

Answer 22

Prototype- Benztropine (Cogentin)

Block Acetylcholine receptors

Question 23

Cholinergics

Answer 23

Prototype- Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Simulate the effects of ACh by directly binding with the cholinergic receptors.
SLUDGE
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric Motility
Emesis

Question 24

Anticholinergics

Answer 24

Prototype- Atropine
Block muscarinic receptors
Atropine Overdose Effects-
Hot as hell
Blind as a bat
Dry as a bone
Red a a beet
Mad as a hatter

Question 25

Ganglionic Blocking Agents

Answer 25

Competitive antagonism with acetylcholine at the nicotinic n receptors in the atomic ganglia.

Question 26

Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

Answer 26

Prototype- Tubocurarine Succinylcholine most commonly used Paralytic Produces a neuromuscular blockade by binding with the nicotinic m receptors.

Question 27

Alpha 1

Answer 27

Arteriole Constriction Vein Constriction Mydriasis (dilation) of eye Ejaculation

Question 28

Alpha 2

Answer 28

Presynaptic terminals inhibition

Question 29

Beta 1

Answer 29

``` Increased heart rate Increased heart conductivity Increased automaticity of heart Increased contractility of heart Renin release in kidney ```

Question 30

Beta 2

Answer 30

Bronchodilation- Lungs Dilation- arterioles Inhibition of contractions- uterus Tremors- skeletal muscle

Question 31

Beta 3

Answer 31

Lipolysis of adipose tissue- fat stores | Thermogenesis- skeletal muscle

Question 32

Dopanminergic

Answer 32

Vasodilation (increased blood flow)- kidney

Question 33

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity | Norepinephrine

Answer 33

Alpha 1,

Question 34

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity | Epinephrine

Answer 34

Alpha 1, 2, Beta 1,2

Question 35

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity | Dobutamine

Answer 35

Beta 1

Question 36

Adrenergic Receptor Specificity | Dopamine

Answer 36

Beta 1, Dopaminergic

Question 37

Noncompetitrive long-acting alpha antagonist

Answer 37

Prototype- Phenoxybenzamin (Dibenzyline)

Question 38

Competitve short-acting antagonist

Answer 38

Prototype- Prazosin (Minipress)

Question 39

Alph-adrenergic antagonis

Answer 39

Prototype- Prazosin

Question 40

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant

Answer 40

Prototype- Dantrolene (Dantrium) | Decreases the release of calcium

Question 41

Sodium Channel Blockers

Answer 41

Prototype- Quinidine | Treate Atrial fibrillation and has anticholinergic properties.

Question 42

Beta blockers Class II

Answer 42

Prototype- Propranolol | Blocks the effect of B2 receptors

Question 43

Potassium Channel Blockers (Class III)

Answer 43

Protoype- Bretylium | By block efflux of potassium, bretylium prolongs depolarization and the effective refractory period.

Question 44

Calcium Channel Blocker (Clas IV)

Answer 44

Prototype- Verapamil

Question 45

Loop Diuretics

Answer 45

Prototype- Hydrochlorothizaide Profoundly affect circulating blood volume-decrease blood volume- primary tool in treating left ventricular heart failure.

Question 46

Beta Adrenergic Antagonist

Answer 46

Prototype- Metropolol (Lopressor)

Question 47

Centrally Acting Adrenergic Inhibitors

Answer 47

Prototype- Clonidine (Catapres) | Decrease heart rate and contractility

Question 48

Peripheral Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents

Answer 48

Prototype- Reserpine (Serpalan) Decreases synthesis of norepinephrine Exposes destroys norepinephrine

Question 49

Alpha 1 Antagonist

Answer 49

Prototype- Prazosin (Minipress) | Decreases blood pressure by competitively blocking the alpha 1 receptors

Question 50

Angiotensin-Convertin Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Answer 50

Prototype- Captopril (Capoten) Causes both systemic and local vasoconstriction Managing renal and heart failure

Question 51

Calcium Channel Blocking Agents

Answer 51

Prototype Dihydropyridine- nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) | Drops blood pressure

Question 52

Direct Vasodilators

Answer 52

Prototype- Hydralazine (Apresoline) | Decreasing peripheral vascular resistance and after load and thus lowering blood pressure

Question 53

Cardiac Glycosides

Answer 53

Prototype-Digonxin For Heart failure and some types of dysrhythmias Increasing myocardial contractility and cardiac output.

Question 54

Antiplatelets

Answer 54

Prototype-Asprin | Decrease the formation of platelet plugs.

Question 55

Anticoagulants

Answer 55

Prototype-Heparin | Enhance antithrombin III's ability to inhibit the clotting cascade

Question 56

Fibrinolytics

Answer 56

Prototype- Streptokinase (Streptokinase) | Acts directly on thrombi to break them down; also call thrombolytic.

Question 57

Antihyperlipidemic

Answer 57

Prototype- Lovastatin | Used to treat high blood cholesterol

Question 58

Beta 2 Specific Agents

Answer 58

Prototype- Albuterol | Relax bronchial smooth muscle which results in bronchodilation and relief from bronchospasm.

Question 59

Methylzanthines

Answer 59

Prototype- Theophyllin | Bronchodilation

Question 60

Anticholinergics

Answer 60

Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle

Question 61

Glucocorticoids

Answer 61

Prototype- Beclomethasone | Lower release of inflammatory substances

Question 62

Leukotriene Antagonists

Answer 62

Prototype- Zileuton | Treats asthma

Question 63

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Answer 63

Prototype- Cimetidine | Inhibits gastric acid secretion and helps return balance between protective and aggressive factors.

Question 64

Stimulant Laxatives

Answer 64

Prototype- Phenolphthalein | Increases water secretion and decrease its absorption.

Question 65

Osmotic laxatives

Answer 65

Prototype- Magnesium hydroxide | Increase the feces' osmotic pull

Question 66

Serotonin Antagonists

Answer 66

Prototype- Ondansetron (Zofran) | treatment of nausea

Question 67

Dopamine Antagonist

Answer 67

Block dopamine receptors.

Question 68

Drugs affecting the parathyroid and thyroid glands

Answer 68

Prototype- Levothyroxin (Synthroid) | Thyroid Hormone replacemnt

Question 69

Antifungal and Antiviral Agents

Answer 69

Prototype- Ketoconazole (Nizoral)

Question 70

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 70

used as analgesics and antipyretics (fever reducers)