Chapter 22 + 23 test

Question 1

The Lives of plants depend on what 4 things

Answer 1

Sunlight, gas exchange, water, and minerals

Question 2

All plants are ______, have cells walls containing ________, and carry out ________ using chlorophyll a and b

Answer 2

Eukaryotes, cellulose, and photosynthesis

Question 3

Botanists divide the plant kingdom into 5 major groups based on four important features. What are the 5 major groups

Answer 3

flowering plants, green algae, mosses and relatives, ferns and relatives, cone-bearing plants

Question 4

What are the 4 important features

Answer 4

Embryo formation, specialized water-conducting tissues, seeds, and flowers

Question 5

What is alternation of generations

Answer 5

The shift between the haploid phase and diploid phase

Question 6

The multicellular diploid phase is known as the ______, or spore-producing plant

Answer 6

sporophyte

Question 7

The multicellular haploid phase is known as the ________, or gamete-producing plant

Answer 7

gametophyte

Question 8

Group of plants that have specialized reproductive organs but lack vascular tissue

Answer 8

brophyte

Question 9

What is the structure in plants that produces eggs

Answer 9

Archegonium

Question 10

What is the male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm

Answer 10

Antheridium

Question 11

Vascular plants are also known as _______

Answer 11

Tracheophyte

Question 12

_____ is a tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

Answer 12

Xylem

Question 13

_________ is the tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through the plant

Answer 13

Phloem

Question 14

A ________ is a plant embryo and its food supply encased in a protective covering

Answer 14

seed

Question 15

What are the two major groups of seed plants

Answer 15

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm

Question 16

The transform of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure is called _____

Answer 16

pollination

Question 17

What is the structure in seed cones in which the female gametophytes develop

Answer 17

Ovule

Question 18

What is the structure in angiosperms that contain one or more matured ovaries

Answer 18

fruit

Question 19

flowering plants were classified according to the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in their embryos. Those with one seed leaf were called _______, and those with two seed leaves were called ____

Answer 19

monocots, dicots

Question 20

Flowers are reproductive organs that are composed of what four different kinds of specialized leaves

Answer 20

Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

Question 21

What is the female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant

Answer 21

Embryo sac

Question 22

What is the process of fertilization in angiosperms in which the first event produces the zygote and the second, the endosperm within the seed

Answer 22

Double fertilization

Question 23

What is the food rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows

Answer 23

Endosperm

Question 24

The process of fertilization in angiosperms is distinct from that found in other plants. Two fertilization events take place-one that produces the _______ and the other that produces the ______________ within the seed

Answer 24

zygote, endosperm

Question 25

_________ is the formation of new individuals by mitosis. It does not require gametes, flowers, or fertilization

Answer 25

Vegetative reproduction

Question 26

Within the roots, stems and leaves of plants are specialized tissue systems. What are these three types of tissue?

Answer 26

Carry substances between roots and leaves provide support for plant; holds leaves up to sunlight

Question 27

What is dermal tissue

Answer 27

protective outer tissue of a plant

Question 28

What does vascular tissue do

Answer 28

tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants

Question 29

What does ground tissue do

Answer 29

produces and stores food

Question 30

What are the regions of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation

Answer 30

meristems

Question 31

What are the two main types of root systems

Answer 31

Taproot and fibrous roots

Question 32

What is the large primary root called

Answer 32

taproot

Question 33

_______ supports a plant, anchor it in the ground, stores food, and absorbs water and dissolved nutrients from the soil

Answer 33

roots

Question 34

____ produces leaves, branches, and flowers, hold leaves up to the sun, and transports substances throughout the plant

Answer 34

stems

Question 35

How are the vascular bundles arranged in monocots and how are they arranged in dicots

Answer 35

They are arranged in a ring in the dicuts

Question 36

The growth of new cells produced by the apical meristems at the ends of a plant is called

Answer 36

primary growth

Question 37

As a plant grows larger, the older stems and roots must increase in thickness as well as length. This increase in thickness of stems and roots is known as ___________

Answer 37

secondary growth

Question 38

The structure of a leaf is optimized to do what

Answer 38

absorb and carry out photosynthesis

Question 39

The area between leaf veins is filled with specialized ground tissue cells known as __________, where photosynthesis occurs

Answer 39

mesophyll

Question 40

_________ are small openings in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

Answer 40

stomata

Question 41

What is the loss of water from a plant through its leaves called

Answer 41

traspiration

Question 42

the combination of ________ and _________ lifts water upward through the xylem tissues of a plant

Answer 42

transpiration, xylem tissue

Question 43

_________ are chemical signals that affect the growth, activity, and development of cells and tissues

Answer 43

hormones

Question 44

to respond to a hormone, a target cell must contain hormone _______---usually proteins---to which hormone molecules bind

Answer 44

receptors

Question 45

What is an auxin

Answer 45

stimulate cell elongations and growth in new roots

Question 46

Plant sensors that detect environmental stimuli signal elongating organs to reorient their growth. These growth responses are called _______

Answer 46

tropisms

Question 47

What are the three tropisms discussed in the book and the environmental stimuli for each?

Answer 47

phototropism, thigmotropism, and gravitropism

Question 48

________ is the plant response to the relative lengths of light and darkness

Answer 48

phototropism

Question 49

________ is the systematic cultivation of plants

Answer 49

agriculture

Question 50

Today, _____ is the foundation on which human society is built

Answer 50

farming

Question 51

What are the four crop plant that worldwide most people depend on for the bulk of their food supply

Answer 51

rice, wheat, soy beans, and corn

Question 52

What are two important uses of plants that have nothing to do with food

Answer 52

clothes and medicine