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Biology > Chapter 22 + 23 test > Flashcards

Chapter 22 + 23 test Flashcards

1
Q

The Lives of plants depend on what 4 things

A

Sunlight, gas exchange, water, and minerals

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2
Q

All plants are ______, have cells walls containing ________, and carry out ________ using chlorophyll a and b

A

Eukaryotes, cellulose, and photosynthesis

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3
Q

Botanists divide the plant kingdom into 5 major groups based on four important features. What are the 5 major groups

A

flowering plants, green algae, mosses and relatives, ferns and relatives, cone-bearing plants

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4
Q

What are the 4 important features

A

Embryo formation, specialized water-conducting tissues, seeds, and flowers

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5
Q

What is alternation of generations

A

The shift between the haploid phase and diploid phase

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6
Q

The multicellular diploid phase is known as the ______, or spore-producing plant

A

sporophyte

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7
Q

The multicellular haploid phase is known as the ________, or gamete-producing plant

A

gametophyte

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8
Q

Group of plants that have specialized reproductive organs but lack vascular tissue

A

brophyte

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9
Q

What is the structure in plants that produces eggs

A

Archegonium

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10
Q

What is the male reproductive structure in some plants that produces sperm

A

Antheridium

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11
Q

Vascular plants are also known as _______

A

Tracheophyte

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12
Q

_____ is a tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant

A

Xylem

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13
Q

_________ is the tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis through the plant

A

Phloem

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14
Q

A ________ is a plant embryo and its food supply encased in a protective covering

A

seed

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15
Q

What are the two major groups of seed plants

A

Gymnosperm and Angiosperm

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16
Q

The transform of pollen from the male reproductive structure to the female reproductive structure is called _____

A

pollination

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17
Q

What is the structure in seed cones in which the female gametophytes develop

A

Ovule

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18
Q

What is the structure in angiosperms that contain one or more matured ovaries

A

fruit

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19
Q

flowering plants were classified according to the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in their embryos. Those with one seed leaf were called _______, and those with two seed leaves were called ____

A

monocots, dicots

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20
Q

Flowers are reproductive organs that are composed of what four different kinds of specialized leaves

A

Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels

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21
Q

What is the female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant

A

Embryo sac

22
Q

What is the process of fertilization in angiosperms in which the first event produces the zygote and the second, the endosperm within the seed

A

Double fertilization

23
Q

What is the food rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows

A

Endosperm

24
Q

The process of fertilization in angiosperms is distinct from that found in other plants. Two fertilization events take place-one that produces the _______ and the other that produces the ______________ within the seed

A

zygote, endosperm

25
Q

_________ is the formation of new individuals by mitosis. It does not require gametes, flowers, or fertilization

A

Vegetative reproduction

26
Q

Within the roots, stems and leaves of plants are specialized tissue systems. What are these three types of tissue?

A

Carry substances between roots and leaves provide support for plant; holds leaves up to sunlight

27
Q

What is dermal tissue

A

protective outer tissue of a plant

28
Q

What does vascular tissue do

A

tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants

29
Q

What does ground tissue do

A

produces and stores food

30
Q

What are the regions of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation

A

meristems

31
Q

What are the two main types of root systems

A

Taproot and fibrous roots

32
Q

What is the large primary root called

A

taproot

33
Q

_______ supports a plant, anchor it in the ground, stores food, and absorbs water and dissolved nutrients from the soil

A

roots

34
Q

____ produces leaves, branches, and flowers, hold leaves up to the sun, and transports substances throughout the plant

A

stems

35
Q

How are the vascular bundles arranged in monocots and how are they arranged in dicots

A

They are arranged in a ring in the dicuts

36
Q

The growth of new cells produced by the apical meristems at the ends of a plant is called

A

primary growth

37
Q

As a plant grows larger, the older stems and roots must increase in thickness as well as length. This increase in thickness of stems and roots is known as ___________

A

secondary growth

38
Q

The structure of a leaf is optimized to do what

A

absorb and carry out photosynthesis

39
Q

The area between leaf veins is filled with specialized ground tissue cells known as __________, where photosynthesis occurs

A

mesophyll

40
Q

_________ are small openings in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen to diffuse into and out of the leaf

A

stomata

41
Q

What is the loss of water from a plant through its leaves called

A

traspiration

42
Q

the combination of ________ and _________ lifts water upward through the xylem tissues of a plant

A

transpiration, xylem tissue

43
Q

_________ are chemical signals that affect the growth, activity, and development of cells and tissues

A

hormones

44
Q

to respond to a hormone, a target cell must contain hormone _______—usually proteins—to which hormone molecules bind

A

receptors

45
Q

What is an auxin

A

stimulate cell elongations and growth in new roots

46
Q

Plant sensors that detect environmental stimuli signal elongating organs to reorient their growth. These growth responses are called _______

A

tropisms

47
Q

What are the three tropisms discussed in the book and the environmental stimuli for each?

A

phototropism, thigmotropism, and gravitropism

48
Q

________ is the plant response to the relative lengths of light and darkness

A

phototropism

49
Q

________ is the systematic cultivation of plants

A

agriculture

50
Q

Today, _____ is the foundation on which human society is built

A

farming

51
Q

What are the four crop plant that worldwide most people depend on for the bulk of their food supply

A

rice, wheat, soy beans, and corn

52
Q

What are two important uses of plants that have nothing to do with food

A

clothes and medicine

Biology (8 decks)

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