Chapter 22 : Chemical Control and Integration

Question 1

Why is there a need for chemical coordination?

Answer 1

because the nerve cannot reach all the cells of a body

Question 2

What is the meaning of hormone ?

Answer 2

these are non nutrient chemicals that acts intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts

Question 3

Where is hypothalamus present?

Answer 3

in the lower part of deincephalon

Question 4

What are the neurosecretory cells of the ypothalamus called?

Answer 4

nuclei

Question 5

What are the two types of hormones of hypothalamus?

Answer 5

inhibitory and releasing

Question 6

What releases stomatstaitin?

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

What releases the growth hormones?

Answer 7

pituitary gland

the pituitary gland releases the hormones in response to GnRH

Question 8

What helps in sending the neurosecretory hormone form the hypothalams to the anterior pituitary ?

Answer 8

portal secretory systme

Question 9

What controls the secretion of the prosterior pituitary

Answer 9

it is under direct control of the hypothalamus

Question 10

What is the cavity where the pituitary gland is present?

Answer 10

sella turisca

Question 11

How is sella turisca attached to the pituitary gland?

Answer 11

stalk

Question 12

What are the anatomical parts of the pituitary gland?

Answer 12

adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

Question 13

What are the parts of teh pituitary gland on the basis of their secretion?

Answer 13

pars distalis

pars intermedia

pars nevosa

Question 14

What are secretions of pars distalis?

Answer 14

growth hormone

prolactin hormone

thyroid stimulating hormone

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

lutrnizing hormone

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 15

What is the secretion of pars intermedia?

Answer 15

melanocyte stimulating hormoen

Question 16

What are the secretion of the pars nervosa?

Answer 16

oxcytosin

vasopressing

Question 17

What is the funciton of vasopressin?

Answer 17

reabsorption of water and Na ion

Question 18

What is the function of oxcytocin hormone?

Answer 18

contration of smooth muscles in urethra

milk ejection form mamary gland

Question 19

Where are the oxytocin and the vasopressin formed?

Answer 19

in the hypothalamus and then released from the pars nervosa

Question 20

What is the function fo leutenizing hormone and follicle stiumlating hormoen in males?

Answer 20

lutenizing hormone : androgen synthesis

follicle SH : spermatogenesis

Question 21

What is the function of lutenizing hormone and follicle stiumlating hormoen in females?

Answer 21

lutenizing hormone: ovulation of mature follicle and maintainance of corpus luteum

follicle SH :development of ovarian follicles

Question 22

What leads to diabetes insupidus?

Answer 22

impairment of realeasing ADH(vasopressing) which leads to water loss and dehydration
this condition is known as diabetes insupidus

Question 23

What are the secretion of the pineal gland?

Answer 23

melatonin

Question 24

What is the function of melatonin ?

Answer 24

maintaining the normal body rythm 
body temperature 
infleunce metalbosim 
pigmentation 
mestrual cycle

Question 25

What are the two types of cells present in the thyroid gland>?

Answer 25

stroma and follicle

Question 26

What are the two secretions of the thyroid gland?

Answer 26

t3 and t4 TCT(thyrocalcitonin) reduce Ca in blood

Question 27

What is the disease caused by hypothyroidism?

Answer 27

goitre

Question 28

What happens to the foetus is hte mother has hypothyroidism ?

Answer 28

defective development and maturation of baby stunted growth and mental retardation , low IQ , abonormal skin , deaf-mutinism

Question 29

What can happen to an adult women becuase of hypothyroidism?

Answer 29

irregular mentrual cycle

Question 30

What are the causes of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 30

cancer in the thyroid cells formation of nodules

Question 31

What is the other name of graves disesase?

Answer 31

exophtalmic goitre

Question 32

What are the charecteristics of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 32

enlargement of thyroid gland eyeballs BMR (high ) weight loss

Question 33

What are the important roles of the thyroid hormones>?

Answer 33

regulation of BMR formation of RBC metaolism of fats, carbohydrate,protein

Question 34

What are is the secretion of parathyroid hormones?

Answer 34

PTH (parathyroxine hormone)

Question 35

What is the funciton of PTH?

Answer 35

increases the blood Ca levels dissolution of bone stimulates the absoriton of Ca in renal tubules increases the absorption of Ca in digested food Ca level in body is maintained by it

Question 36

Where is the thymus presnet?

Answer 36

behind the sterum and between the lungs on the ventral side of the aorta

Question 37

What is the secretion thymus?

Answer 37

thymosins

Question 38

What is the function of thymosins?

Answer 38

differentation of T lymphocytes

Question 39

What are the secretions of the adrenal medulla called?

Answer 39

catecholamines

Question 40

What happens in the addisons disease?

Answer 40

the adrenal cortex alters the carbhydrate metabolism causing acute weakness and fatigue leading to this disease

Question 41

What are the secretions of the adrenal medula?

Answer 41

adrenalin | nor adrenaline

Question 42

What is the funciton the catecholamienes?

Answer 42

increase alertness pupilary dialation piloerection sweating increase the heart contraction breakdown of glycogen resulting in increased gluciose in blood stimulate hte break down of lipids and proteins

Question 43

What are thesecretions ofthe adrenal cortex?

Answer 43

glucocorticoids mineralocorticoids

Question 44

What are functions of the glucocortidcoids?

Answer 44

glyconeogenesis, lipolysis, proteolysis inhibit the cellular uptake of the amino acids maintain the cardiovascular system

Question 45

What are functions of cortisols?

Answer 45

anti inflammation supress the immune system RBC production

Question 46

What are the functis of the mineralocorticoids?

Answer 46

reabsorption of Na+ and water ions secretions of phosphate and K hels in maintaining the osmotic pressure

Question 47

What are the two types of the pancreatic cells?

Answer 47

alpha beta cells

Question 48

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 48

acts on the liver cells and stimulates the glycogenolysis resulting in increased blood sugar reduces the cellular glucose uptake

Question 49

On which cells does the glucagon mainly act on ?

Answer 49

the liver cells

Question 50

On which cells deos insulin mainly act on ?

Answer 50

liver cells and adipocyte and increase the cellular glucose uptake

Question 51

testes part is not done

Answer 51

testes part is not done