Chapter 2 : Biological Classification

Question 1

How did aristotle classifiy animals and plants?

Answer 1

herbs , shrubs , trees

rbc prenset and rbc absent

Question 2

Who discovered the two kingdom classification?

Answer 2

LInneua

Question 3

Who and when was teh five kingdom classification proposed? What were the five kingdoms? What were the criterions used?

Answer 3

1969 by RH Whittaker
monera , protista, fungi , plantae, animalia

cell structure, nutrition , body organization, reproduction and PHLYOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION

Question 4

What was the new kingdom in the six kingdom classification?

Answer 4

arachebacteria

Question 5

What are the four types of bacteria on the basis of shape?

Answer 5

bacillus , coccus , spirilla and vibrio

Question 6

What are the types of arachae bacteira?

Answer 6

halophiles , acido philes , methanogens

Question 7

What is the charecteristic feature of eubacteira?

Answer 7

a cell wall and flagella if motile

Question 8

What is the pigment present in cyanobacteira?

Answer 8

chl a

Question 9

Name some cynobacteria that can fix nitrogen?

Answer 9

nostoc , anabaena

Question 10

What is the most abundant type of bacteira?

Answer 10

hetertrophic

Question 11

How does a bacteria reproduce?

Answer 11

binary fission

when unfavourable : spore

Question 12

Which is the only bacteria that doesn’t have a cell wall?

Answer 12

mycoplasma

Question 13

What is the smallest living organism?

Answer 13

mycoplasma

Question 14

Is mycoplasma aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 14

anaerobic

Question 15

In which kingdom are the boundaries are not defined properly?

Answer 15

protista

Question 16

What are the charecters of chyrosophyte ?
types 
habitat 
autotroph / heteotroph 
cell wall 
haploid / diploid
how food stored
pigments

Answer 16

diatoms , desmids ( golden algae) 
in marine environment and fresh water 
photosynthetic 
cellulose with silica  (soap box) 
2n
leucosin , oil 
a,c , fucoxnathin

Question 17

Who are the cheif producers of the sea?

Answer 17

diatoms

Question 18

What are the charecters of dinoflagellates?

1) habitat
2) cell wall
3) flagella
4) pigmnets
5) stored food
6) genetic material

Answer 18

1) mostly marine
2) cellulose plates
3) two flagella , longi , transverse
4) a, c, dinoxanthin , didinoxanthin
5) starch
6) meskaryote ( no histone , but nuclear membrane)

Question 19

Which organism are called the golden algae?

Answer 19

desmids

Question 20

Who are responsible for red tides ?

Answer 20

gonyaulax

Question 21

What are hte dinoflagellates that cause bioluminesces?

Answer 21

noctillucca and gonyaulax

Question 22

What are the cahrecters of euglenoids?

1) cell wal
2) flagella
3) pigment s
4) stored food

Answer 22

1) no cell wall have pelllice ( protien )
2) 2 flagella , funcitonal and non funcitonal
3) a , b , zeoxanthiphyll
4) paramylum and fats

Question 23

WHo are the saprotrohic protists?

Answer 23

slime moulds

Question 24

When do slime moulds form plasmodium and what happens when the conditions changed?

Answer 24

favourable conditions : plasmodium

unfavourable : it forms fruiting bodies which has sopres on tips

Question 25

Do the sopres of slime moulds have cell wall?

Answer 25

yes they have true cell wall which is very resistant

Question 26

Who are the primitive relatives of animals?

Answer 26

protozaons

Question 27

What are the types of protozaons? Give their examples?

Answer 27

1) amoeboid :amoeba , entamoeba 2) flagellated : trypanosoma 3) cilliated : paramoecium 4) sporozoans : plasmodium (malaria)

Question 28

What is the use of yeast?

Answer 28

bread and beer

Question 29

Who are known as the cosmopolitan ?

Answer 29

fungi

Question 30

How deos asexual reproduction take place in fungi/

Answer 30

conidia, sporangiospores and zoospores

Question 31

How deoes sexual reproduction take place in fungi?

Answer 31

oospores , ascospores and basidiospores

Question 32

In which fungi do we see a dikaryotic stage in the sexual reproduction?

Answer 32

ascomycetes and basidiomycetes

Question 33

where does the formation of spores take place ?

Answer 33

in the fruiting bodies

Question 34

What is the basis of classiication of the fungi kingdom?

Answer 34

the morphology of mycelium mode of spore formation fruiting bodies

Question 35

What are the charecters of phycomycetes? 1) habitat 2) myclium 3) asexual reproduction 4) the spore formation is endogenous or exogenous? 5) types of gametes in sexual reproduction ?

Answer 35

1) decaying wood , moist and damp areas 2) aseptate and coenocytic 3) by oospore and zygospore 4) the sexual spores is formed endogenous 5) isogamous , oogamous , anisogamous

Question 36

Give some examples of phycomycetes?

Answer 36

zygomycetes: rhizopus and mucor oomycetes: albugo ( late blight in potato / famine in ireland )

Question 37

What are the cahracters of ascomycetes? 1) habitata 2) myclium 3) asexual spores producing bodies 4) how are sexual spores produced

Answer 37

1) saprophytic, parasitic and coprophagic 2) branched and septate 3) conidia 4) ascospores

Question 38

Give some examples of ascospores?

Answer 38

1) penicillium 2) aspergilus 3) claviceps : LSD , ergot's disease 4) neurospora 4) morel and truffles (edible )

Question 39

What are the cahracters of basidiomycetes ? 1) habitata 2) myclium 3) asexual spores producing bodies 4) how are sexual spores produced

Answer 39

1) soil, logs , tree 2) branched and septate 3) asexual sopres are not found but begetative by fragmnetation 4) somatogamy and spermatization which results in basidiospores

Question 40

What are the fruiting bodies of basiomycetes called?

Answer 40

basidiocarp

Question 41

where are the basidia prenset?

Answer 41

in the basidiocarp

Question 42

What are some of hte common memrbers of hte basidiomycetes?

Answer 42

ustilago : smut pucinnia : rust agaricus ( mushroom)

Question 43

How does asexual reproduction take placei n deuteromycetes?

Answer 43

by conidia

Question 44

Give some examples of deuteromycetes?

Answer 44

alternaria : early blight of potato collectrichum : red rot of sugarcane trichoderma : ringworm

Question 45

Give some examples of insectevorous plants?

Answer 45

venus fly trap and bladder wort

Question 46

Give some examples of parasitic plants?

Answer 46

cascuta

Question 47

how are food stored in animals?

Answer 47

glycogen and fats

Question 48

What is hte mode of nutrition in animals?

Answer 48

holozoic

Question 49

does animalia show definite growth pattern?

Answer 49

yes

Question 50

What was the history of hte viru s?

Answer 50

Dmitri Ivanowsky : 1892 -- Tobacco Mosiac Virus they passed through bacteria proof filter MW Beijernek :infected plant to healthy plant Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious fluid) WM Stanley : ctystallized them

Question 51

What are some of the animal virus disease?

Answer 51

mumps , small pox , herpes , influenza

Question 52

What are some of the plant virus?

Answer 52

mosiac formation , leaf rolling , curling , yellowing and vein clearing , dwarfing and shunted growth

Question 53

Who discovered viroids? What disease does it cause? What is made up of ?

Answer 53

TO Deiner : 1971 potato spindle tuber disease free RNA ( of low molecular weight )

Question 54

What is prion and what some of its disease?

Answer 54

they are misfolded protien mad cow disease or BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) and Cr-Jacob disease

Question 55

What are the two components of lichen and what are their funcitons?

Answer 55

phycobiont : prepare food mycobiont: shelter , absorb nutrient , absorb nutrient and water

Question 56

Why are lichen good pollution indicators?

Answer 56

because they dont grow in polluted areas