Chapter 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Flashcards by jessica quintos

*Dental Caries

pathogen

Streptococcus mutans

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*Periodontal disease

pathogen

porphyromonas gingivalis

-proteases break down gingival tissue

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Dental Caries

signs + symptoms

appear as holes or pits in the teeth

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Periodontal disease

signs + symptoms

swollen, tender, bright red, or bleeding gums

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Dental caries, Gingivitis, + Periodontal Disease

most adults have experienced dental caries

- diets high in sucrose increase the risk of decay

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*Peptic Ulcer

pathogen

Helicobacter pylori

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*Peptic Ulcer

virulence factors

1 flagella (burrows thru stomach lining)
2 adhesins (attcmt to gastric cells)
3 urease (neutrlz stomach acid)
4 toxins (damage gastric mucosa)

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*Peptic Ulcer

epidemiology

fecal-oral transmission

- stress may worsen ulcer sympt

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Peptic Ulcer

D T P

D-xray to find ulcers; presence of H.pylori in clinical specimens

T-antimicrobials + drugs that inhibit stomach acid

P-avoidance of fecal-oral transm

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Bacterial Gastroenteritis: campylobacter diarrhea

pathogen

campylobacter jejuni

*most common cause of diarrhea that send ppl to DR

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Bacterial Gastroenteritis: campylobacter diarrhea

virulence factors

VF cause bleeding lesions + inflammation

-adhesin, cytotoxin, + endotoxin

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Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

pathogen

clostridium difficile

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*Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

epidemiology

clos. difficile is part of normal human intestinal microbiota that can caus life-threatening disease
any antimicrobial treatment can trigger infection

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*Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

virulence factors

produces 2 toxins (mediates inflammation + pseudomembrane formation)
multiple antibiotic resistance
endospore-forming

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Bacterial Gastroenteritis: antimicrobial associated diarrhea

D T *P

D-presence of bacterial toxins in stool

T-treat w antimicrobials

*P-avoid unnecessary antimicrobials

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*pseudomembranous colitis

lesions that occurs in severe cases of antimicrobial associated diarrhea (fr c.difficile)

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*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

pathogen

Staphylococcus aureus

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*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

signs + symptoms

nausea, vomit, diarrhea, cramp

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*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

5 enterotoxins

-released in food, no taste change

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*Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

epidemiology

outbreaks assoc. w social functions

- happens in 4 hrs from when toxin is ingested

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Bacterial Food Poisoning
aka 4 hr food poisoning

D T P

D-signs+symp

T-fluid + electrolytes

P-proper hygiene

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*Mumps

signs, sympt, + prevention

painful swelling of salivary glands (parotid glands)

-prevented w MMR

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*Viral Gastroenteritis

pathogen

-rotavirus

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Viral Gastroenteritis

signs + symptoms

nausea, vomit, diarrhea, cramp

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Viral Gastroenteritis epidemiology

occurs more in winter

Viral Gastroenteritis D T P

D-serological test T-fluid+electrolyte P-vaccine

*Viral Hepatitis pathogens

5 types ``` 1 hep A virus [HAV] 2 hep B virus [HBV] 3 hep C virus [HCV] 4 hep delta virus [HDV] 5 hep E virus [HEV] ```

*Viral Hepatitis signs + sympt

jaundice, ab pain, fatigue, vomiting, appetite loss - symptoms may occur years after initial infection - host immune response causes much of liver damage

Viral Hepatitis diagnosis

jaundice, enlarged liver, fluid in abdomen -serological testing can ID viral antigens

Viral Hepatitis prevention

good hygiene, protected sex, + abstinence

bacterial UTI pathogen

enteric bacteria are most common cause escherichia coli causes most

bacterial UTI signs + sympt

- frequent painful urination | - urine may be cloudy w foul odor

bacterial UTI VF

flagella + attachment fimbriae

bacterial UTI epidemiology

- self inoculate decal bacteria into urethra | - most common in 3-4 yr old females

*Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome pathogen

some strains of S.aureus

*Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome signs + sympt

- sudden onset fever, chills, vomit, diarrhea, low BP, confusion, severe red rash * hypovolemic shock in untreated

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome VF

toxins

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome *epidemiology

-microbes grows at a site of body (tampons + IUD) - absorption of toxin into blood triggers toxic shock syndrome (systemic inflammation triggered by immune system) - most cases occur in menstruating females

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome treatment + prevention

T-med emergency, removal of foreign material, antimicrobial drugs P-avoid tampons or using less absorbent tampons

Bacterial Vaginosis pathogen

-white vaginal discharge w fishy odor

Bacterial Vaginosis signs + symptoms

various anaerobic bacteria

Bacterial Vaginosis epidemiology

various sexual partners + vaginal douching

Bacterial Vaginosis treatment

oral or vaginal metronidazole

Yeast Infections pathogens

candida albicans -normal flora

Yeast Infections signs + sympt

severe itching + burning

Yeast Infections treatment

azole + fluconazole (diflucan)

*Gonorrhea pathogen

Neisseria gonorrheae

Gonorrhea signs + symptoms

men- painful urination, purulent discharge (drip) ---sterility if untreated women- usually asymptomatic ---pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility

Gonorrhea VF

fimbriae, capsule, endotoxin

*Gonorrhea epidemiology

bacteria attach to epithelial cells of mucous membranes (uretha in M, cervix in W) - only occur in humans - risk inc. w unprotected sex

Gonorrhea D T P

D-genetic probe for asymp T-broad-spect cephalosporin P-safe sex

Ophthalmia Neonatorum

conjunctivitis in newborns born fr post vaginal delivery fr mothers w gonorrhea - treated w 0.5% erythromycin - untreated can lead to blindness

*syphilis pathogen

treponema pallidum -lives only in humans

*syphilis signs + symptoms

4 phases: ``` 1 primary (chancre lesion) 2 secondary (generalized rash) 3 latent 4 tertiary (neurosyphilis) ```

syphilis epidemiology

worldwide

syphilis pathogenesis

- transmitted via sexual contact * -sometimes mother to child during pregnancy - most do not develop tertiary syphilis

*syphilis diagnosis

primary, secondary, + congenital w antibody test -tertiary is difficult to diagnose

syphilis treatment

penicillin G to treat all but tertiary

*chlamydia pathogen

chlamydia trachomatis

*chlamydia signs + sympt

W-usually asympt M-painful urination, pus discharge fr penis *lymphogranuloma venereum causes a genital lesion + bubo in groin

*chlamydia epidemiology

- enters thru scrapes + cuts - infect mucous membr or conjunctival cells - various strains of chlamydia cause infection of lymph nodes, conjunctiva, + lungs - most common reportable bacterial std in the US

chlamydia *D T P

D-infection can mimic gonorrhea -detect chlamydial DNA by PCR diagnostic T-antimicrobial drugs P-safe sex

Genital Herpes pathogen

human herpesvirus 2

Genital Herpes signs + sympt

small blisters on or around genitals or rectum

Genital Herpes pathogenesis

- kills epithelial cells at infection site - blisters may form at sites far fr initial infections - babes can become infected at birth

Genital Herpes epidemiology

gen. herpes quadruples the risk of HIV infection

Genital Herpes D T

D- characteristic lesions T-acyclovir

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata pathogen

human papillomavirus [HPV]

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata signs + sympt

- warts on genitalia + surrounding areas | - large growths called condylomata acuminate may form

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata epidemiology

- HPV invade skin or mucous membr during sex | - #1 cause of std in US

Genital Warts aka Condylomata Acuminata D T P

D-warts T-wart removal P-vaccine against HPV strain associated w cervical cancer

Chapter 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System Flashcards

(71 cards)