Chapter 23: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

The musculoskeletal system provides the body with what?

Answer 1

Stability and mobility necessary for physical activity. For the body to move smoothly, the bones, muscles, and joints must function properly

Question 2

The joints are held together by what?

Answer 2

The joints are held together by ligaments, attached to muscles by tendons, and cushioned by cartilage, which allow for smooth and effortless movement

Question 3

The facial muscles are innervated by which cranial nerves

Answer 3

the trigeminal nerve (CNV) and the facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 4

What is the function of the head?

Answer 4

Support the brain, sensory organs, and nerves, and protect these structures from mechanical damage

Question 5

The spine consists of the

Answer 5

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae

Question 6

Fibrocartilaginous

Answer 6

cartilage that consists of a dense matrix of white collagenous fibers

Question 7

What is the function of the spine?

Answer 7

Protection of the spinal cord
Lower back support (lumbar vertebrae)
Neck rotation (cervical vertebral joint)
Posture support (thoracic vertebra joint)

Question 8

Which vertebrae form the posterior portion of the pelvis with the coccyx?

Answer 8

Sacral vertebrae

Question 9

flexion

Answer 9

a movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones such as bending the elbow

Question 10

extension

Answer 10

a “straightening” movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as extending the leg

Question 11

Joint is enclosed in a

Answer 11

synovial cavity

Question 12

pronation

Answer 12

the rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward or backward.

Question 13

supination

Answer 13

one of the kinds of rotation allowed by certain skeletal joints, such as the elbow and the wrist joints, which permit the palm of the hand to turn up

Question 14

abduction

Answer 14

movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body

Question 15

adduction

Answer 15

the movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body.

Question 16

The wrist joint allows which type of movement?

Answer 16

Extension of wrist
Flexion of wrist
Rotation of wrist

Question 17

A ball-and-socket joint allows for which type of movement?

Answer 17

Movement in one plane

Question 18

Which role do ligaments play in a joint?

Answer 18

Provide stability to a joint

Question 19

During inspection of the musculoskeletal system, the nurse acesss the pt

Answer 19

Posture, gait, and ease of movement

Question 20

Skin and subcutaneous tissues are inspected for what?

Answer 20

color, swelling, and presence of any masses

Question 21

Other elements of musculoskeletal inspection include:

Answer 21

Symmetry
Contour
Size
Characteristics

Question 22

the nurse should inspect for:

Answer 22

Atrophy
Symmetry
Hypertrophy
Fasciculations

Question 23

The nurse should begin the musculoskeletal examination as the patient walks into the room by examining which features?

Answer 23

Gait and posture

Question 24

When inspecting a patient’s musculoskeletal system, which muscle characteristic would the nurse assess?

Answer 24

Symmetry

Question 25

When assessing the musculoskeletal system, which body areas should be palpated?

Answer 25

Bones Muscle Joints

Question 26

What is active range of motion?

Answer 26

requires the patient to move through the various positions without assistance

Question 27

What is passive ROM?

Answer 27

the nurse manipulates the patient’s joints with assistant

Question 28

Which elements of joint range of motion should the nurse assess as part of a thorough musculoskeletal examination?

Answer 28

Stability Movement

Question 29

When assessing muscle strength, which element does the nurse note as part of a thorough musculoskeletal examination?

Answer 29

Bilateral symmetry

Question 30

What is the phalen test?

Answer 30

Have the patient hold the wrists in palmar-flexed position with dorsal surfaces pressed together for 1 minute; note any numbness.

Question 31

Inversion

Answer 31

Have the patient bend the foot at the ankle

Question 32

Eversion

Answer 32

turn the sole toward and away from the other foot

Question 33

Musculoskeletal disorders.

Answer 33

Gout, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 34

Gout

Answer 34

form of arthritis caused by a disorder in purine metabolism that results from elevated serum uric acid levels

Question 35

Osteoarthritis

Answer 35

loss of bone density and deterioration of bone tissue, with an increased fracture risk

Question 36

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 36

chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder of the synovial tissue surrounding the joints

Question 37

Chronic illness affecting bones, muscles, joints, such as:

Answer 37

Cancer Arthritis Sickle cell disease Hemophilia Osteoporosis Renal disorders Neurologic disorders

Question 38

scoliosis

Answer 38

lateral curvature of the spine, a common abnormality of childhood, especially in females

Question 39

A 35-year-old patient presents with acute onset of lower back pain. The nurse notes both restriction of lumbar flexion and limited shoulder range of motion. Which information would the nurse record as history of present illness related to ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 39

Lower back pain Acute onset of the pain

Question 40

The nurse should document these findings indicative of osteomyeliti

Answer 40

Edema Erythema Warmth at site Fever

Question 41

The nurse should document these findings indicative of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 41

Weakness of the thumb Sensory loss

Question 42

The nurse should document these findings indicative of Paget’s disease

Answer 42

Bowed tibia Misshapen pelvis Prominent skull/forehead

Question 43

A 50-year-old patient reports hearing loss and frequent headaches. On inspection, the nurse notes bowed tibias, a misshapen pelvis, and a prominent forehead. Which objective data would the nurse document?

Answer 43

Bowed tibia Misshappen pelvis- related to paget bone disease

Question 44

A patient reports pain when standing upright that seems to originate at the buttocks and radiate down the legs. The patient reports that the pain is relieved by sitting. On examination, the patient has marked lower extremity weakness. Which information would the nurse document as objective data related to lumbar stenosis?

Answer 44

Lower extremity weakness

Question 45

When assessing a patient for potential osteoarthritis, which objective data would the nurse document?

Answer 45

Crepitus Enlarged joints

Question 46

A patient presents with knee pain that is worse during exercise. On examination, the nurse notes that the patient has limited range of knee motion and that the site is red and warm. Which history of present illness data would the nurse document?

Answer 46

Knee pain Pain worsening with exercise

Question 47

A patient presents with a dull leg pain that "started abruptly" and progressed over the last week. On assessment, the nurse notes edema at the site of the pain. During palpation, the nurse finds the site to be warm and tender to touch. Which information would the nurse document as objective data?

Answer 47

Edema Warmth Tenderness to touch

Question 48

The patient presents with pain on only one side of the face that is made worse by moving the jaw. On assessment, the nurse notes clicking and crepitus of the jaw when it is moved. Which findings would the nurse note as objective data?

Answer 48

Clicking Crepitus

Question 49

lordosis

Answer 49

an abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar part of the back.

Question 50

kyphosis

Answer 50

an abnormal condition of the vertebral column, characterized by increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side.

Question 51

When testing the range of motion for each joint, the nurse would consider which findings to be abnormal?

Answer 51

Pain crepitus tenderness active ROM exceeding by 5 degrees

Question 52

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 52

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

Question 53

Contracture

Answer 53

shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint

Question 54

Crepitation

Answer 54

an audible and palpable crunching or grating that accompanies movement