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252 Final > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is preload

A

Filling and stretching of the ventricles

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2
Q

What is after load

A

The pressure to pump against

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3
Q

What delivers oxygen to the heart

A

The coronary artery

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4
Q

What is angina pectoris

A

Chest pain

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5
Q

What causes angina pectoris

A

Insufficient oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle

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6
Q

What 3 things increase myocardial oxygen demand

A

Exercise
Stress
Caffeine

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7
Q

What is ischemia

A

Poor blood supply to an organ

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8
Q

What is ischemic heart disease

A

Poor blood supply to the heart muscle

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9
Q

What is a myocardial infarction

A

Necrosis or cell death of the cardiac tissue

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10
Q

What is stable angina

A

Angina that stops with rest

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11
Q

What is unstable angina

A

Occurs even with rest

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of angina

A

Pain in chest
Pain radiating down arm
Pressure tightness or squeezing
Numbness

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13
Q

How long does stable angina usually last

A

5 minutes

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14
Q

How long does unstable angina last

A

Up to 30 mins. May be followed by MI

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15
Q

What should someone do first if they have chest pain

A

Stop what they are doing. Sit or lie down

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16
Q

What is the goal of angina meds

A

Decrease oxygen demand increase oxygen supply

17
Q

What do nitrites do

A

Decrease preload and after load

18
Q

What do beta blockers do

A

Slow HR to decrease oxygen demand, decreases contractility

19
Q

What do calcium channel blockers do

A

Cause vascular relaxation, less pumping force

20
Q

When would IV nitrites be given

A

In emergency with high BP

21
Q

What vital sign needs to be taken before giving nitroglycerin

A

BP

22
Q

How many sprays of nitroglycerin can be given

A

3 sprays. Take BP between each spray

23
Q

Which angina drug has to be replaced often due to expiry

A

Nitroglycerin

24
Q

Why does nitroglycerin come in a red bottle

A

Light sensitive

25
Q

How long does it take for nitroglycerin to work

A

2 mins

26
Q

Nitrates can cause which adverse effect that usually goes away with continued use

A

Headache

27
Q

Why do nitrates cause reflex tachycardia

A

Body compensates for low BP by increasing HR

28
Q

Nitrate tolerance occurs when

A

Taking around the clock
Long acting forms

29
Q

How to prevent nitrate tolerance

A

Take breaks from medication

30
Q

Do not give nitrates with what drugs because it will further drop BP

A

Erectile dysfunction drugs

31
Q

What do beta blockers do

A

Decrease oxygen demand

32
Q

Which angina med blocks catecholamines from irritating heart after MI

A

Beta blockers

33
Q

Grapefruit juice impairs metabolism of what angina med

A

Calcium channel blockers

34
Q

IV nitroglycerin has to be given with what kind of IV tubing

A

Polyvinyl chloride to prevent breakdown into cyanide

252 Final (12 decks)

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