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chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

A long narrow depression that forms in between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent in a process called subduction

A

subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart is called a divergent plate boundary

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

This type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite direction is called a transform plate boundary

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

Is the sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in the Earths crust called faults.

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

A fault is a crack in earths crust along which rock has moved.

A

fault

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9
Q

This sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault is called elastic rebound

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake is called a focus

A

focus

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11
Q

The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter

A

epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with the continent drift theory? (hypothesis)

A

Alfred Wegener
large land animal fossils
close lines matched up puzzle pieces
mountain ranges matched up with same rock type with the same ages

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13
Q

What was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

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14
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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15
Q

How did Harry Hess discover the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess used sonar

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16
Q

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

A

Divergent plate boundary
Convergent plate boundary
Transform plate boundary

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17
Q

How do convergent plate boundaries move?

A

Together

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18
Q

Subduction zones occur with which type of plate boundary?

A

Convergent plate boundary

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19
Q

What two types of crust can happen within a plate boundary?

A

Oceanic crust

Continental crust

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20
Q

What types of land forms can be created when two oceanic crusts collide?

A

Hot spots which create volcanic

Deep sea trenches

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21
Q

What type of land form is created when two continental crust come together?

A

Mountains

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22
Q

What type of crust must be present for a volcanic activity to occur?

A

Oceanic

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23
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move?

A

They move apart from each other

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24
Q

What are some examples of divergent plate boundaries?

A
  1. MOR- mid ocean ridge (both oceanic crust)

2. East African Rift (two continental crusts)

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25
How do transform plate boundaries move?
They move right past each other
26
What is a specific example of a transform plate boundary?
San Andreas Fault (continental crust)
27
What is a convection current?
1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises | 2. Magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks
28
What are three forces that contribute to plate motion?
Slab pull, Ridge push, and friction
29
Earthquake Distribution
The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along faults
30
Which plate boundary have shallow earthquakes?
Divergent and transform
31
Which plate boundary has deep earthquakes?
convergent
32
What are the types of stress that can act upon rocks to cause movement?
1. compression stress 2. a tension stress 3. a shear stress 4. torsion stress
33
What are the two types if deformations?
1. Elastic deformation | 2. Plastic deformation
34
What happens to the rock when the elastic deformation happens
The material goes back to its original shape
35
What happens to the rock when plastic deformation happens
It takes on a new shape
36
How many types of seismic waves are there?
1. Primary waves 2. Secondary waves 3. Surface waves
37
What types of seismic waves is the fastest?
Primary wave
38
What type of wave is a primary wave?
Compression
39
What types of material can sound waves pass through?
Solids and liquids
40
What type of wave is an s wave
transverse
41
What type of materials can s waves pass through?
Solids
42
Which wave is the most complex and does the most damgage
Surface waves
43
What are two scales that measure earthquakes?
The Richter magnitude scale | Mercalli scale
44
what does the richter scale measure
the amount of energy
45
What does the mercalli scale measure
the amount of visible damage
46
Define Rock
Minerals,Rock Fragments, Volcanic glass
47
How are rocks identified?
Composition Texture
48
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
Its shape, size, arrangement of the rocks components
49
Where do intrusive rocks form?
Within the earths crust
50
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?
Magma
51
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
Bowen´s Reactions Series
52
What are the 3 types of magma?
Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic
53
Which magma type has a low silica contect?
54
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz?
Continental Crust
55
Which type of crust has little to no quartz?
Deep Continental and Oceanic
56
Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
Intrusive Igneous rock
57
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?//
Slowly
58
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
vesicular and porphy
59
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
Vesicular
60
Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
Phorphyrtic
61
What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
Pumice

physical science (6 decks)

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