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physical science > chapter 28 > Flashcards

chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earths surface

A

troposhere

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2
Q

when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

green house effect

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4
Q

How are the earths atmospheric layers divided?

A

They are based off composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas found in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen (21%)

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7
Q

What is the 1% of the gases called?

A

Trace Gases (mainly argon)

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8
Q

In the troposhere layer does the temperature increase or decrease?

A

It decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are in the atmosphere?

A

There are 5 layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the layers in the atmosphere starting closes to the Earth’s surface?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere,

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11
Q

What is the ozo layer found in?

A

The second layer (stratosphere)

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12
Q

Does the temperature increase or decreases with higher altitude?

A

It increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease within the mesosphere?

A

Decreases until it gets to a higher level then it Increases

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14
Q

Does the Thermosphere and the Exosphere impact the weather?

A

No

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15
Q

what percentage of solar radiation reaches and is absorbed by earths surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

What percentage of radiation is reflected back by land and sea surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, Circus

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20
Q

explain stratus clouds.

A

They are layered sheet-like clouds associated with rain.

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21
Q

Explain cumulus clouds.

A

They are puffy in shape and occur in fair weather

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22
Q

Explain cirrus clouds.

A

They are wispy, high-altitude

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23
Q

What are the procceses when water from the land reaches the atmosphere an

A

water cycle

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24
Q

What are all the steps of the water cycle

A

evaporation transporation condensation and precipitation

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25
Q

Is a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air

A

jet stream

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26
Q

the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

A

coriolis effect

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27
Q

is a large volume air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

A

air mass

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28
Q

air massed that interact in zones

A

weather front

29
Q

Is there only one jet stream in the world?

A

No there is 4

30
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

There are 2

31
Q

What is the low pressure system also known as?

A

Low (L)

32
Q

What direction does the low pressure flow?

A

Counter clock wise

33
Q

What are some results that a low pressure system?

A

Air rises, Clouds form, Creates precipitation

34
Q

What is a high pressure system also known as?

A

Its known as a high

35
Q

What do high pressures systems cause?

A

Air to sink

36
Q

What are the 4 weather fronts?

A

Cold Front, Warm Front, Stationary Front, Occluded Front

37
Q

What causes a cold front?

A

Cold air that forces warm air up

38
Q

What is a cold front represented by on the news?

A

They are represented by blue triangles

39
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air that rises gently above cold air

40
Q

What is the warm front represented by on the news?

A

red lines

41
Q

How are stationary front formed?

A

cold and air masses meet and neither font

42
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on the news?

A

blue and red arrow

43
Q

How are occluded created?

A

a fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

44
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?

A

latitude

45
Q

Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?

A

the equator

46
Q

At what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface at the equator at the tropics zone?

A

90 degrees

47
Q

At what degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface at the temperate zone?

A

45 degrees

48
Q

At what degrees do the sun rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees

49
Q

What zone are we located in?

A

Temperate zone

50
Q

what other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation,Mountains, and Water

51
Q

What is the windward like in a mountain range?

A

the air is cool and a lot of vegetation

52
Q

what is the leeward side like in a mountain range?

A

warm and dry and little to no vegetation

53
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

air from the main coast of

54
Q

Which climate zone and what type of vegetation does lamar co have?

A

Warm and semi-arid and grassland vegetation

55
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earth’s near-surface air and oceans

A

Global Warming

56
Q

Is the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years

A

El Nino

57
Q

Is the opposite of El Nino, which occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal

A

El Nina

58
Q

What does Earths climate undergo?

A

season and longterm changes

59
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

Revolving around the sun

60
Q

which hemisphere is in summer

A

tilted toward the sun

61
Q

which hemisphere is in the winter?

A

tilted away from the sun

62
Q

what is the period of time when earths surface was covered in ice?

A

an ice age

63
Q

how long ago did the world reach its current pattern?

A

3000 years ago

64
Q

what are some factors that cause climate change?

A

tilt of Earths axis of rotation, the shape it is orbit, and the timing of the seasons

65
Q

how do humans create climate change?

A

energy consumption, deforestation,industrial and agriculture practice

66
Q

what is deforestation

A

the clearing of large areas of forest land

67
Q

how does deforestation cause climate to increase?

A

the trees remove carbon dioxide

68
Q

what are two ways the carbon cycle affected?

A

deforestation, loss of vegetation

physical science (6 decks)

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