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chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

a layer extending an average of 12 km above Earths surface

A

troposhere

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2
Q

when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

A

temperature inversion

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3
Q

a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation

A

green house effect

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4
Q

How are the earths atmospheric layers divided?

A

They are based off composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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6
Q

What is the second most abundant gas found in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen (21%)

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7
Q

What is the 1% of the gases called?

A

Trace Gases (mainly argon)

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8
Q

In the troposhere layer does the temperature increase or decrease?

A

It decreases

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9
Q

How many layers are in the atmosphere?

A

There are 5 layers

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10
Q

What are the names of the layers in the atmosphere starting closes to the Earth’s surface?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere,

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11
Q

What is the ozo layer found in?

A

The second layer (stratosphere)

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12
Q

Does the temperature increase or decreases with higher altitude?

A

It increases

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13
Q

Does the temperature increase or decrease within the mesosphere?

A

Decreases until it gets to a higher level then it Increases

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14
Q

Does the Thermosphere and the Exosphere impact the weather?

A

No

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15
Q

what percentage of solar radiation reaches and is absorbed by earths surface?

A

50%

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16
Q

What percentage of radiation is reflected back by land and sea surface?

A

5%

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17
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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18
Q

What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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19
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, Circus

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20
Q

explain stratus clouds.

A

They are layered sheet-like clouds associated with rain.

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21
Q

Explain cumulus clouds.

A

They are puffy in shape and occur in fair weather

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22
Q

Explain cirrus clouds.

A

They are wispy, high-altitude

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23
Q

What are the procceses when water from the land reaches the atmosphere an

A

water cycle

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24
Q

What are all the steps of the water cycle

A

evaporation transporation condensation and precipitation

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25
Is a narrow band of fast-moving, high altitude air
jet stream
26
the apparent deflection of an object due to Earth's rotation
coriolis effect
27
is a large volume air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout
air mass
28
air massed that interact in zones
weather front
29
Is there only one jet stream in the world?
No there is 4
30
How many pressure systems are there?
There are 2
31
What is the low pressure system also known as?
Low (L)
32
What direction does the low pressure flow?
Counter clock wise
33
What are some results that a low pressure system?
Air rises, Clouds form, Creates precipitation
34
What is a high pressure system also known as?
Its known as a high
35
What do high pressures systems cause?
Air to sink
36
What are the 4 weather fronts?
Cold Front, Warm Front, Stationary Front, Occluded Front
37
What causes a cold front?
Cold air that forces warm air up
38
What is a cold front represented by on the news?
They are represented by blue triangles
39
How are warm fronts created?
Warm air that rises gently above cold air
40
What is the warm front represented by on the news?
red lines
41
How are stationary front formed?
cold and air masses meet and neither font
42
How are stationary fronts represented on the news?
blue and red arrow
43
How are occluded created?
a fast moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front
44
What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location?
latitude
45
Where is the solar radiation most intense on earth?
the equator
46
At what degrees do the sun rays hit earths surface at the equator at the tropics zone?
90 degrees
47
At what degrees does the sun rays hit earths surface at the temperate zone?
45 degrees
48
At what degrees do the sun rays hit the polar zones?
30 degrees
49
What zone are we located in?
Temperate zone
50
what other factors determine climate?
Precipitation,Mountains, and Water
51
What is the windward like in a mountain range?
the air is cool and a lot of vegetation
52
what is the leeward side like in a mountain range?
warm and dry and little to no vegetation
53
What is a land breeze?
air from the main coast of
54
Which climate zone and what type of vegetation does lamar co have?
Warm and semi-arid and grassland vegetation
55
An increase in the average temperatures of Earth's near-surface air and oceans
Global Warming
56
Is the warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years
El Nino
57
Is the opposite of El Nino, which occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal
El Nina
58
What does Earths climate undergo?
season and longterm changes
59
How do seasonal changes happen?
Revolving around the sun
60
which hemisphere is in summer
tilted toward the sun
61
which hemisphere is in the winter?
tilted away from the sun
62
what is the period of time when earths surface was covered in ice?
an ice age
63
how long ago did the world reach its current pattern?
3000 years ago
64
what are some factors that cause climate change?
tilt of Earths axis of rotation, the shape it is orbit, and the timing of the seasons
65
how do humans create climate change?
energy consumption, deforestation,industrial and agriculture practice
66
what is deforestation
the clearing of large areas of forest land
67
how does deforestation cause climate to increase?
the trees remove carbon dioxide
68
what are two ways the carbon cycle affected?
deforestation, loss of vegetation

physical science (6 decks)

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