chapter 26

Question 1

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

the color of a mineral in powdered form

Answer 2

streak

Question 3

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 3

cleavage

Question 4

minerals that breaks with irregular surfaces exhibit

Answer 4

fracture

Question 5

the physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

Answer 5

hardness

Question 6

molten rock material inside earth

Answer 6

magma

Question 7

A mineral _________ ________ __________

Answer 7

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form

Question 8

What are two most abundant elements that make up Earths crust?

Answer 8

oxygen

Question 9

What does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

materials that are nonliving

Question 10

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

How hard it is, what types of crystal shape it has, and how they break

Question 11

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

Luster, Streak, Hardness, Atomic Arrangement, Crystal Shape, Cleavage, Fracture

Question 12

What are the two type of luster?

Answer 12

Nonmetallic and metallic

Question 13

How does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

it reflects it very easily reflects light in a way that a metal surface might

Question 14

How does nonmetallic reflect light?

Answer 14

shines like grass and appear earthy or waxy

Question 15

How do you preform a streak test?

Answer 15

unglazed porcelain tile

Question 16

What are two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

cleavage and fracture

Question 17

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

Mohs scale of hardness

Question 18

What is the number range on Mohs Scale of Hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

What are two mineral groups?

Answer 20

Silicates and Nonsilicates

Question 21

MInerals grow from the_____

Answer 21

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, crystalline form

Question 22

What are 3 ways minerals can form?

Answer 22

Hot water, Molten Rock, Evaporation

Question 23

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?

Question 24

What elements are Silicates made up of?

Question 25

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Question 26

What mineral is used to make glass?

Question 27

Define Class

Answer 27

Small rock in mineral fragments

Question 28

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth´s surface exposed to?

Answer 28

Water wind and other forces

Question 29

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 29

Going from one place to another

Question 30

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 30

Being dropped off

Question 31

Define pore space

Answer 31

The empty space in between the grains

Question 32

Define compaction

Answer 32

clasts stick together due to weight of overlying

Question 33

Define cementation

Answer 33

minerals that precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clasts

Question 34

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 34

Clasts get compacted, water flows through, and causes cementation

Question 35

What is another name for clasts?

Answer 35

Detritus

Question 36

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

Answer 36

detrital sedimentary rocks

Question 37

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

Answer 37

Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay/Mud

Question 38

Which clast size would be deposited first?

Answer 38

Gravel

Question 39

What are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks?

Answer 39

Conglomerate, Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale

Question 40

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 40

They are formed from water that contains dissolved solids

Question 41

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

Answer 41

Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

Question 42

What are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

Question 43

What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 43

Biochemical and Chemical, Detrital

Question 44

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 44

Heat, Pressure, Chemical Reactions

Question 45

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

Answer 45

Igneous, Sedimentary, or Metamorphic rock

Question 46

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

Answer 46

Regional Metamorphism

Question 47

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes?

Answer 47

Contact Metamorphism

Question 48

When shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 48

Slate

Question 49

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 49

Foliated and Nonfoliated

Question 50

Define foliated texture?

Answer 50

Layers and bands

Question 51

Define nonfoliated texture

Answer 51

Random Orientations

Question 52

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 52

Texture and composition

Question 53

Define rock cycle

Answer 53

The continual change of rocks from one type to another

Question 54

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

Answer 54

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Question 55

What are the 3 types of rocks

Answer 55

Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

Question 56

Which type of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 56

Igneous Rocks

Question 57

Which types of rocks are formed from clast, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Answer 57

Sedimentary

Question 58

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?

Answer 58

Metamorphic

Question 59

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 59

Minerals