Chapter 25/26

Question 1

Green Algae

Answer 1

Live in freshwater habitats and are close relatives to land plants

Question 2

Land PLants

Answer 2

Terrestial habitats

Question 3

Why do we study plants?

Answer 3

we rely on plants for food, fuel, textiles, forestry, and horiculture

Question 4

Ecosystem services

Answer 4

Things that contribute to the environment such as carbon cycle, help prevent erosion, increase h2o Prescence in soil, moderate climate.

Question 5

Artifical selection and examples

Answer 5

Selecting for traits that are good and farming it.
maize is a good example because it only had a few kernels 100s of years ago and now it has thousabnds of kernels.

Question 6

.

Answer 6

.

Question 7

Why is it important that plants are primary producers

Answer 7

Allowed

Question 8

Human uses for plants/algae

Answer 8

Medicine, Buildings, fuel

Question 9

How did we go from algae to plants?

Answer 9

1. Tides brought in aglae in tide pools and due to tides going down it can create a selective pressure to survive in an non aqeuous environment.
2. Plants were seedless initially, but due to the new land and no natural predators, competition induces changes like vascular systems etc.

Question 10

Advantages of plants on land

Answer 10

More access to CO2 & sunlight, Not as much predators, more room to spread (because it initally had no life)

Question 11

Why are we still interested in algae

Answer 11

ask prof goff.

Question 12

lichens

Answer 12

Symbiosis between green algae and fungi

Question 13

adaptations to countact living on land

Answer 13

cuticles: waxy surface that pervents H2O from leaving
Stomata: allows exchange of gas
Flavonids: UV abosrbing compounds

Question 14

Why did plants grow tall?

Answer 14

Initally plants were close to the ground because there was more moisture in the ground than in the air. Competition for space and sunlight made plants want to grow tall and vascular systems were the solution

Question 15

Big four plants morphologies

Answer 15

moss, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Question 16

Vascular tissue in 4 morphologies

Answer 16

-moss has simple water conducting cells that had no additions in the vascular system
-ferns had lignin deposit rings that helped strucuture and water movment up
-gymnosperms has a primary wall with cellulose and a secondary wall with lignin with pores that created a vacuum
-angiosperms Has basically the same as gymnosperms, but have ends with perforations that created a stronger vacuum

Question 17

Chronology of 4 major morphologies

Answer 17

moss<ferns<gymnosperms<angiosperms

Question 18

How to tell all morphologies apart

Answer 18

moss: nonvascular, uses spores for reproduction, special cells for h2o and nutrient conduction
Ferns:developed vascular tissues, uses spores
Gymnosperms: naked seeds, vascular tissue
Angiosperms: encased seeds, vascular tissue, flowers

Question 19

What is so important about nonvascular plants (moss)

Answer 19

all key lineages involve with nutrient enrichment, mosses form peat which is an nutrient rich soil of dead plant matter

Question 20

How do mosses and ferns reproduce?

Answer 20

Alternate generations from gametophytes and sporophytes

Question 21

Proliferation of land plants

Answer 21

Spores are resistant to many environments\
gametes create genetic diversity
embryos retained and nourished by parent plant

Question 22

What is moss

Answer 22

A collection of stalks

Question 23

Antheridium

Answer 23

Sperm producing structures

Question 24

Archegonium

Answer 24

Egg producing structures

Question 25

.

Answer 25

.

Question 26

homosporus

Answer 26

all the same type of spores

Question 27

heterospores

Answer 27

2 different types of spores

Question 28

Microsporangia

Answer 28

produces microspores-->male gamete-->sperm

Question 29

Megasporangia

Answer 29

produces megasproangia--> female gametes --> eggs

Question 30

How did angiosperms take over?

Answer 30

Success attributed to reproduction organs (flowers), other organism rely on their population to survive, some of those organisms are involved in the reproduction cycle

Question 31

Stamen

Answer 31

contains, microsporangia in angiosperms (pollen)

Question 32

Carpel

Answer 32

contains ovary, megasporangia

Question 33

Double fertilization

Answer 33

2 sperm fuses to make a triploid tissues, creates a nucleous that becomes an endosperm

Question 34

endosperm

Answer 34

The nutritive tissues (like a yolk) that create enough energy to provide a developing plant to grow vascular tissues, roots, and atleast its first leaf

Question 35

Monocot

Answer 35

one cotyledon

Question 36

Euidicots

Answer 36

two cotyledons

Question 37

Differences of monocots and dicots

Answer 37

Vascular tissue: monocots have scattered tissuse spread out, while dicots have it throughout the stem Veins: monocots are parallel while dicots are branching Flowers: monocts have pairs of 3 while dicots have pairs of 4 or 5

Question 38

Intercalary meristen

Answer 38

if a part of a leaf gets cut they can regenerate instead of dying

Question 39

The importance of pollen

Answer 39

creates a mutually beneficial relationship between organisms and the plant that causes adaptive radiation and coevolution

Question 40

Coevolutions

Answer 40

the infulence of species have eachother on an evolutionary scale (bees and pollen)

Question 41

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 41

many new species from one base species