Chapter 44

Question 1

Whats ecology

Answer 1

Study of how organisms interact with their environment

Question 2

Goals of ecology

Answer 2

Understand distributions and abundances of organisms

Question 3

Approaches to ecology

Answer 3

Organismal, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Global

Question 4

Biopshere

Answer 4

thin zone of earth where all life exists

Question 5

Organismal ecology

Answer 5

how do individuals interact w/ physical environment?

Salmon migrate to freshwater from saltwater to breed

Question 6

Population ecology

Answer 6

How and why does population size change over space and time?

FEmale salmon produce 1k eggs and only a few offspring survive to breed

Question 7

Community ecology

Answer 7

How do species interact/consequences?

salmon are prey and predators

Question 8

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 8

how does energy flow throughought the local environemtn

Question 9

Ecosystem ecology

Answer 9

how does energy flow throughout the local environment

salmon die and decompose releasing nutrients.

Question 10

Global ecology

Answer 10

How is the biosphere affected by global changes?

Worldwide populations of salmon affected by climate change

Question 11

Biogeography

Answer 11

how organisms are distributed

Question 12

Range

Answer 12

Geographic distribution

Question 13

Niche

Answer 13

Set of conditions a species can tolerate

Question 14

Biotic/abiotic factors

Answer 14

bio=live
abio= non-live

Question 15

dispersal

Answer 15

movement from birthplace to area of occupation/breeding

Question 16

phenology

Answer 16

study of climatic impact on organismal life cycles

“how does climate change affect generations of many differnet organisms”

Question 17

Wallace Line

Answer 17

a line that marks a key distinction of species

Question 18

Exotic vs Invasive species

Answer 18

exotic: not native species
invasive: not native that harms native species

Question 19

Endemic

Answer 19

naturally occur species in a given place

Question 20

Misconception of invasive species

Answer 20

It is right that invasive species are ver very bad for endemic species, but they can present some pros

Question 21

Climate vs Weather

Answer 21

Climate is long-term weather conditions in an area while weather is short-term weather conditions

Question 22

Why are there seasons?

Answer 22

Seasons are a result of the 23.5 degree tilt in earth’s axis. This causes light to hit earth in different ways that affect temp/percipitation during different seasons

Question 23

Coriollus effect

Answer 23

A phenomena of wind trajectories that are cause by earths rotation and cells

Question 24

Hadley, Mid-lattitude, and polar cells

Answer 24

0-30, 30-60, 60+ respectively. (explain how cells work)

Question 25

How can geology affect local climates?

Answer 25

mountains affect land while ocean gyres affect waters

Question 26

Biomes

Answer 26

Biomes are defeined by: Temp Moisture Sunlight* (causes the other 3 to happen) Wind

Question 27

Why are biomes important

Answer 27

biomes are important because (ask goff)

Question 28

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 28

Hgih spp. diversity, many niches because of this (constant high, high perc.)

Question 29

Subtropical desert

Answer 29

30N and 30S latitudes, extreme temps lead to weird adaptations (high temp low perc.)

Question 30

Temperate grasslands

Answer 30

Low productivity, fertile soils (above freezing but flucates, decent perc)

Question 31

Temperate Forest

Answer 31

Deciduous trees (above freezing, but can flucuate, mid perc.)

Question 32

Boreal forest (taiga)

Answer 32

Low productivity, high biomass, low diversity (mostly belowf freezing, but fluctuates, same perc.)

Question 33

Tundra

Answer 33

Permafrost, Low Spp. diversity, productivity & biomass (mostly below freezing, can be above in summer, very low perc.)

Question 34

Why do they define biomes by plants and not animals

Answer 34

Animals can't fucking move

Question 35

Net Primary Productivity

Answer 35

quantifying health of biome by subracting total carbon minus total CO2. Measures health of an environment as it equates the ammount of energy cycling

Question 36

How are aquatic biomes defined?

Answer 36

Salinity, Depth, Flow of H2O, and Nutrient availability

Question 37

Photic zone

Answer 37

0-200m, has lots of light

Question 38

Oceanic zone

Answer 38

region of open sea

Question 39

Netric Zone

Answer 39

the waters and biological communities living in the water column over the continental shelf

Question 40

intertidal Zone

Answer 40

Very close to the beach and waves crash here

Question 41

Aphotic zone

Answer 41

200m-4km, not much light

Question 42

Abyssal Zone

Answer 42

4k-10k, no light at all

Question 43

Benthic realm

Answer 43

Sea floor

Question 44

Pelagic Realm

Answer 44

Anything below water that is not in direct contact with a shore or the bottom

Question 45

3 Ways water flow influences nutrient avaibility

Answer 45

Coastal runoff- water moves over land and gather nutrients and debris Upwellings- u know this already Lake turn overs

Question 46

3 Ways water flow influences nutrient avaibility

Answer 46

Coastal runoff- water moves over land and gather nutrients and debris Ocean upwelling- Temp differences cause water from ebnthic regions with nutrients to go to the top Lake Turnover: Similar idea to upwellings

Question 47

Lake Turnover each season

Answer 47

Winter-stable water movement due to the ice floating on top Spring turnover- Cold water from ice layer goes down and warmer unfrozen water raises Summer stratification- high Temps on top and low temps on bottom Fall turnover- As water starts to cool, cold water rises and hot water goes down

Question 48

Why are esturaries important?

Answer 48

organisms use it as a birthplace filter of fresh water to saltwater, nutrients, soil, soil, and trash