Chapter 26 Flashcards
(22 cards)
The study of how organisms are named and classified is
Taxonomy
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species is called the
Phylogeny
The scientific name of an organism includes it’s
Genus and species
What are the eight levels of taxonomic organization?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
All members of a single order are also members of the same
Class
On a phylogenetic tree, the representation of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor is represented by
Branch points
Practice with phylogenetic trees
See chapter notes
Three ways taxonomists distinguish between analogy and homology
Other traits in common
Fossil records
Complexity
In organisms which are not closely related, what would the percentage of DNA base pairs in common?
25%
Why do scientists use an outgroup when constructing a phylogenetic tree using cladistics?
To distinguish shared ancestral characteristics from shared derived characteristics
The branch length in a phylogenetic tree can represent either
Evolution and time
Why don’t scientists use the five kingdom system anymore?
Some prokaryotes differ as much from each other as they do eukaryotes
Moved onto 3 domain system
The three domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Tree of life diagram
See chapter notes
Why isn’t a diagram a perfect representation of evolutionary relationships among three domains?
Because of gene transfer which can’t be depicted by the tree
Unicellular
Eukaryotic
Nutritionally diverse
Protists
Absorb food
Multicellular
Cell wall with chitin
Fungi
Multicellular
Chloroplasts
Cell wall with cellulose
All plants
Double fertilization
Alternation of generations (diploid and haploid)
Cones or flowers
Seed plants
Muscle and nerve cells
No cell wall
Three layer body plan
All animals
No vertebrae
Multicellular
Radial or bilateral symmetry
Invertebrates
Back bones made up of vertebrae
Complex behavior
Complex structure
Vertebrates
