chapter 27

Question 1

amines are derived from

Answer 1

ammonia

Question 2

in amines, one or more of the hydrogen atoms in ammonia are replaced by

Answer 2

a carbon chain or ring

Question 3

primary amines

Answer 3

amines in which the nitrogen is directly bonded to only one carbon atom/ chains

Question 4

secondary amine

Answer 4

an amine in which the nitrogen is directly bonded to two carbon atoms or chains

Question 5

tertiary amine

Answer 5

an amine in which the nitrogen atom is directly bonded to three carbon atoms or chains

Question 6

difference between an amide and an amine

Answer 6

an amide has a C=O double bond in it while an amine does not

Question 7

in an aliphatic amine, the nitrogen is attached to at least

Answer 7

one carbon chain

Question 8

in an aromatic amine, the nitrogen is attached to at least

Answer 8

one aromatic ring

Question 9

in the preparation of aliphatic amines, what acts as the nucleophile

Answer 9

the ammonia

Question 10

describe how aliphatic primary amines are formed

Answer 10

Ammonia is reacted with a haloalkane

The alkyl group in the haloalkane is partially positive , and the halogen is partially negative.

So the nitrogen in ammonia forms a dative covalent bind with the ally group.

an amine salt forms

aqueous alkali is added to the salt to generate the amine

Question 11

what are the conditions and reagents required for the formation of primary aliphatic amines

Answer 11

ethanol should be used as a solvent

the should be excess ammonia

Question 12

in the preparation of aliphatic primary alkenes, why is ethanol used as a solvent instead of water?

also, why is excess ammonia used?

Answer 12

because the halogenoalkane is insoluble in water

it ensures that there is no leftover haloalkane to react with the primary amine formed

Question 13

can ammonia do nucleophilic substitution reactions with chlorobenzene

Answer 13

no they cannot

Question 14

how are aromatic amines made

Answer 14

by reduction of the nitro group on a benzene ring

Question 15

what are the conditions and reagents required for the formation of aromatic amines

Answer 15

reflux with concentrated aqueous HCl
Tin
Add excess NaOH

Question 16

amides can be formed from the reaction of acyl chlorides with three different groups, name these

Answer 16

primary amines
ammonia
secondary amines

Question 17

in the reaction between acyl chlorides and ammonia, what happens to the HCl formed

Answer 17

it reacts with another ammonia molecule to form a salt

Question 18

condensation polymers

Answer 18

the joining of monomers via a condensation reaction, with the elimination of a small molecule

Question 19

in addition polymerisation, what are the monomers

Answer 19

alkenes

Question 20

Suggest two benefits of using single stereoisomers in the synthesis of drugs

Answer 20

fewer side effects

increase the effectiveness of the drug

reduces difficulty in separating sterioisomers