chapter 27.1

Question 1

weathering the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

mixture of weathering rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

erosion sediment transport

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

as rocks weather, erosional agents like water, ice, wind, and gravity move eroded materials from one place to another.

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

The land area that gathers water for a major river

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

The movement of water parallel to the shoreline

Answer 7

longshore current

Question 8

Do rocks weather at the same rate?

Answer 8

no rocks weather at different rate

Question 9

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

Answer 9

rock type and landscape

Question 10

what are the two types of weathering

Answer 10

mechanical and chemical

Question 11

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

Answer 11

physical changes

Question 12

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 12

frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions

Question 13

what causes frost wedging

Answer 13

by water seeping into the cracks and freezing

Question 14

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 14

freeze thaw cycle

Question 15

what causes biological activity

Answer 15

plants and animals

Question 16

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 16

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 17

what are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by

Answer 17

oxygen and water

Question 18

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen

Answer 18

oxidation

Question 19

what is the chemical process called that is caused by water

Answer 19

hydrolysis

Question 20

what is parent material

Answer 20

the material from which soil forms

Question 21

what are soil horizons

Answer 21

the different layers of soil

Question 22

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 22

6

Question 23

true or false? all soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 23

false

Question 24

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 24

o.a.e.b.c.r

Question 25

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 25

organic material

Question 26

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

Answer 26

minerals

Question 27

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 27

horizon e

Question 28

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 28

horizon b

Question 29

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 29

horizon b

Question 30

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 30

horizon r

Question 31

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

Answer 31

o & a

Question 32

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 32

E&B

Question 33

which soil horizons make up the true soil

Answer 33

O,A,E,B