Chapter 29 - PP Flashcards by Beth Erb

Kingdom Plantae:

a. multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs
b. cell walls of cellulose, starch for storage
c. terrestrial, obtain nutrients from soil, oxygen and CO2 from air through stomata
d. lignin - compound binds cellulose and hardens/strengthens cell walls
e. sporopollenin - structural integrity for pollen/plant spores
f. internal fertilization (empryophytes)

Kingdom Plantae:

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T/F The kingdom Plantae typically includes organisms that are multicellular

True

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Kingdom Plantae organisms obtain __ from the soil and it obtains ___ and ___ from the air through stomata

a. nutrients, CO2, oxygen

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kingdom plantae: a compound that binds cellulose and hardens and strengthens cell walls

lignin

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What provides structural integrity for pollen and plant spores?

Sporopollenin

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In the Kingdom Plantae, the organism cell walls are typically made of what?

cellulose

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You find a multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophic organism that has internal fertilization. What kingdom is this organism probably part of?

Kingdom Plantae

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Gametophyte (multicellular ______)

Sporophyte (multicellular ____)

haploid

diploid

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Spore-producing

diploid

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You cannot do _______ unless you are diploid to begin with (sporophyte)

meiosis

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Sporophyte: a diploid is going through meiosis to produce haploid gametophytes

True

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In ___, gametophytes (multicellular haploids) go through mitosis to produce sporophytes (multicellular diploid)

mitosis

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T/F Fertilization requires two haploid spores.

False, two gametes

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Kingdom Plantae: The moment you have zygotes, they are essentially ____

sporophytes

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Multicellular haploid

Multicellular diploid

gametes,

sporophytes

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Vridiplantae are composed of what two large sub-categories?

green algae

embryophytes

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LAND Plants
List three main nonvascular plants (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_)
a.
b.
c.
Name four vascular plants
a.
b.
c.
d.
List the two seedless vascular plants
a
b.
List the two seed plants
a. 
b.

Bryophytes
Three main nonvascular plants
a. liverworts
b. mosses
c. hornworts
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Four vascular plants:
a. lycophytes
b. monilophytes
c. gymnosperms
d. angiosperms
Two seedless vascular plants
a. lycophytes
b. monilophytes (terrifytes)
Seed plants
a. gymnosperms
b. angiosperms

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Club mosses, spike mosses, and quill worts are all part of what sub-category of seedless vascular land plants?

lycophytes

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Gymnosperms and angiosperms are both plants in what sub-category of ____ land plants?

a. seed plants, vascular

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T/F Hornworts, mosses, and liverworts are part of the seedless vascular marine plants.

False. Hornworts, mosses and liverworts are part of the nonvascular bryophytes on LAND

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The typical moss is part of what sub-category and main category of plants?

Nonvascular plants (bryophytes),

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The typical moss is part of what sub-category and main category of plants?

Nonvascular plants (bryophytes),

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Which sub-category of non-vascular plants (bryophytes) include the largest number of known species?

Mosses

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Brophyta is what taxonomic category?

Study These Flashcards

Phylum

Why phylum has the largest number of known species in the land plants?

Angiosperms - Phylum Anthophyta

most "primitive" embryophytes

Bryophytes

Gametophytes: Male gametophytes are called _____ and they produce ___ Female gametophytes are called __ and they produce ___

antheridia, sperm | archegonia, eggs

Sporophytes -> _____ (____ are formed)

sporangia, spores

For Bryophytes, what is absolutely necessary for fertilization to occur?

water

In many plants, lignin fills the space in between the cell wall between cellulose. Do Bryophytes have this lignin?

Name the three divisions of Bryophytes

Bryophyta Hepatophyta Anthocerophyta

T/F Archegonia gametophytes produce sperm

False. Antheridia gametophytes (Phylum Bryophytes) produce sperm

In many plants, what fills the pace in the cell wall between cellulose?

lignin

You find. moss that is very soft. What may this be due to?

Moss is part of the Phylum Bryophyta. Bryophyta lack lignin (which typically fills the space in between the cell wall between cellulose), so the moss is less structurally stiff.

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses a. gametophyte _______ b. form mats of tightly packed __ b. no true __, _____, or ____ c. both gametophytes and sporophytes are ____ d. Sphagnum are ecologically important - -----> dry/peat moss, hold water/soil, wound treatment - acidic absorptive

a. dominant, plants, roots, leaves, stems, large

You find a dry peat moss in the forest. It holds water and soil and when you use it to help a bleeding hemophiliac, it absorbs the gushing blood. What genus is this and in what category of the Phylum Bryophyta is this organism?

Sphagnum, peat moss

You find a forest organism that has no true stems, leaves or roots. Both its gametophyte and sporophyte are large. What sub-category and Phylum may this organism be in?

moss, Bryophyta

Describe the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte:

A gametophyte is one of the two alternating phases in the life cycle of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has two sets of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte, the function of which is to produce haploid spores by meiosis.

Most mosses have separate ___ and ____ gametophytes, with __ and _____, respectively

male, female, antheridia, archegonia

Within the Phylum Bryophyta, fertilization occurs within what structure?

archegonium

the female sex organ in mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers.

archegonium

is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete

archegonium

the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other nonflowering plants.

antheridium

A haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes.

antheridium

During fertilization, the __ zygote develops not a sporophyte embryo within the _____

diploid, archegonium

During fertilization, the sporophyte remains nutritionally dependent on the _____

gametophyte

Know the difference between archegonia and antheridium (pictures)

Know

The colloquial term for Hepatophyta

Liverworts

Hepatophyta: _____ a. inconspicuous, lobe-shaped ____ b. almost never far from _____ c. reproduce like _____ d. asexual reproduction by ____ in gammae cups

Liverworts a. thallus b. water c. mosses d. gamma

Are terophyta and spenophyta different classifications?

Yes

Abundant in fossil record, some up to 15 m long

Horsetails - Equisetum

Cross section of horsetail's stem - KNOW

KNOW

Pterophyta - Ferns a. Well represented in the tropics (abundant), many extant, greatest diversity in tropics b. Ferns often with very large leaves (fronds) often highly divided c. Size: small to as large as small trees (tree ferns) d. Sporangia on underside of fronds, arranged in sori, covered in various ways or naked

____________ - Ferns a. Well represented in the ___ (abundant), many extant, greatest diversity in tropics b. Ferns often with very ____ leaves (fronds) often highly ____ c. Size: small to as large as small trees (tree ferns) d. ______ on underside of fronds, arranged in ____, covered in various ways or naked

Pterophyta, tropics large, divided Sporangia, sori

Why are ferns afraid of club mosses?

Club mosses "lycophyta" pterophyta who are terrified to fight

Sori - "a sight for sore eyes"

Know where this is

a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, in having branched stems and in having life cycles in which the sporophyte is the dominant phase

Ferns

Exam: Be able to identify "terophyta" and a picture of "sori" which contains a lot of "sporangia"

...fill this in

Chapter 29 - PP Flashcards

(58 cards)