Visual Input
- Critical to vehicle controls
- Influence risk of being involved in crash
- Visual Lead, identify a path 20-30 sec ahead
- Pay attention to objects and hazards to the sides
Visual Lead
- 20-30 Second ahead
- 2 blocks ahead
1. Don’t walk signal hits 0,(light turns yellow
2. Look in front, if everyone is braking or slowing
3. Once u stop, look at rear view so no one crashes into you
4. After stop, look in front (ground) see the bottom tire)
Vehicle Operating Space
Path of Travel
Spare into which the driver can safely direct
Visual Control Zone
Path of Travel or Visual Control Sone
- 12-15 sec
Following Distance (3-4 sec between vehicle and vehicle infront)
Visual Referencing
- Helps manage space around your vehicle
- Precisely maneuver your vehicle
- Allows driver to relate to some part of vehicle to some part of roadway
Q. The adhesion, car grip, between the tire and road surface
Traction
Traction
Adhesion, friction, grip between tire and road surface
- Asphalt, gravel, brick less traction then concrete
- Driving on snow affects traction
Q. Hydroplaning can occur at speeds as low as______ miles per hour
35 miles per hour
Hydroplaning
Occurs when vehicles tire rises up on edge of water
1 Take off acceleration and get ready to steer
Prevent Hydroplaning
1/12th inch of water
control vehicle speed
monitor depth of water
maintain proper tire(inflation, width, threads)
Inertia
Force that keeps a vehicle straight ahead until acted upon by another force
Momentum
p=my
How much motion an object has and is the product of mass x velocity
How does gravity affect braking distance when driving downhill
a. Lengthens breaking distance
Speed, weight, center of gravity affect breaking distance
Gravity
Invisible force that keeps on ground
Q. If vehicle speed doubles, the distance needed to stop vehicle
Increases by 4( quadruples)
Kinetic Energy
Amount of energy needed to propel a vehicle
Vehicle speed doubles from 20-40 mph
Vehicle speed needs 4 times the distance to stop
If u double speed, quadruple stoping distance
Weight transfer
Turning right, left; accelerating, breaking
When breaking hard, weight of vehicle shift to front
Sudden inputs of accelerating. Braking, and steering can minimize traction and maximize weight shift.
(If back of cat does not come up, they are speeding though red/yellow light)
Front lifts when accelerating
passenger side is mode vulnerable when left turn
Tire Contact Patch
Part of bottom of tire in contact with road
When turning right, contact on left side tire increases
Larger the contact patch, more traction
Smaller the patch less traction
Q. The ____ a tires contact patch, the _____ traction the tire has with the road surface
d. b & c
larger, more
smaller, less
Force of Impact
- Speed
- Weight
- Length of time between initial crash and vehicle stopped.
3 Visual Input
Acceleration
Steering
Braking
Best Traction
Slow and Smooth
11 things why u need a greater following distance
- Bad weather
- Larger vehicle in front
- Going up hill or down hill
- Night time
- tragic
- freeway
- novice driver
- motorcycle
- no following ambulance/ police (following trailer)
- car with cargo (such as construction vehicle
- narrow spaces
where can u not change lanes
- solid lines
2. middle of intersection
