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Abnormal Psychology 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Assessment

A

Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder

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2
Q

Diagnoses

A

-process of determining whether the particular problem afflicting the individual meets the criteria for a psychological disorder
(as set forth in the DSM5-tr)

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3
Q

Prognosis

A

-The likely future course of a disorder under certain conditions
-comes after assessment and/or diagnosis

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4
Q

Reliability

A

Degree to which a measurement is consistent (over time or among different raters)

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5
Q

Test-retest Reliability

A

Taking the test multiple times and getting similar results

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6
Q

Validity

A

The degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure

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7
Q

Standardization

A

Application of certain standards to ensure consistency

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8
Q

3 Concepts to determine the value of an assessment

A

reliability, validity, and standardization

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8
Q

Mental Status Exam

A
  • Relatively coarse preliminary test of a client’s judgment, orientation to
    time and place, and emotional and mental state; typically conducted during and initial interview
  • systematic observation of behaviour
    -Clinicians get enough information to determine presence of a psychological disorder
    -5 categories
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9
Q

How many times must one orient themself during sensorium portion of mental status exam

A

3

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9
Q

5 Categories of Mental Status Exam

A
  1. Appearance and behaviour
  2. Thought process (rate of speech, continuity of speech, content of speech)
  3. Mood and affect
  4. Intellectual Functioning (type of vocab and use of abstractions and metaphors)
  5. Sensorium ( awareness of surroundings in terms of person, time, and place)
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9
Q

Clinical Interview

A

Gathers info on current and past behavior, attitudes, and emotions, as well as a history of the individuals life in general ans of the presenting problem

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9
Q

Types of Clinical Interviews

A

structured, unstructured, semi-structured

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10
Q

Physical Examination

A

Often recommended to lead to proper diagnosis and proper treatment

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11
Q

Behavioural Assessment

A

Measuring, observing and systematically evaluating (rather than inferring) the client’s thoughts, feelings and behavior in the actual problem situation context

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12
Q

ABC’S of observation

A

Antecedent (what happened before), behavior, consequence (what happened right after)

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13
Q

Informal Observation

A
  • subject to observers interpretation
    (subject to whatever clients want to discuss)
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14
Q

Formal Observation

A

-Identify behaviours that are observable and measurable
-Design treatment based on these patterns

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15
Q

Self Monitoring

A

Action by which clients observe and record their own behaviors as either an assessment of a problem and its change or treatment procedures that makes them more aware of their response. Aka self observation

16
Q

Reactivity

A

observational data subject to distortion upon being observed (when people are watched they change their behaviour)

17
Q

Psycochological Testing

A

Determine cognitive, emotional, or behavioural responses
Responses might be associated with a specific disorder

18
Q

Projective Test

A

Psychoanalytically based measures that present ambiguous stimuli to clients in the assumption that their responses will reveal their unconscious conflicts, such tests are inferential and lack high reliability and validity(interpretation)
- ie) Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic apperception test TAT

19
Q

Personality Inventory

A

Self-report questionnaire that assess personal traits ny asking
respondents to identify descriptions that apply to them(empirical evidence)
-ie) MMPI, PCL-R

20
Q

PCL-R

A

psychopathy checklist

21
Q

MMPI

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

22
Q

Intelligence Test

A

determine cognition
ie) WAIS, IQ,WISC-5

23
Q

WAIS

A

Wechsler adult intelligence scale: measures verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, processing speed, and working memory

24
Q

Neurobiological Procedures

A

determines brain damage or dysfunction to patient’s condition

25
Q

Neuroimaging

A

pictures of the brain

26
Q

Categories of neuroimaging

A
  • brain structure images; CAT scan, MRI
    -brain function images; PET scan, SPECT, fMRI
27
Q

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT/CT scan)

A

identifying and locating abnormalities in
structure or shape of the brain

28
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Alteration is measured along with the time it takes protons to relax, where there are lesions or damage the signal is lighter or darker

29
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

injected with imaging tracer selected to target specific
function of the body

30
Q

Functional Mri (FMRI)

A

Short time and takes pictures of the brain at work

31
Q

Psychophysiological Assessment

A

Methods of assessing brain structure and function, specifically nervous system activity
E.g., electroencephalogram (EEG)

32
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Measure electrical activity patterns in the brain taken through
electrodes placed on the scalp

33
Q

Classification

A

Effort to construct groups or categories and to assign objects or people to these categories on the basis of their shared attributes or relations
E.g., DSM-5-TR, ICD-11

34
Q

ICD-11

A

the International Classification of Diseases

35
Q

ICD-11 is put on by WHO

A

World Health Organization

36
Q

Taxonomy

A

System of naming and classification in science

37
Q

Nosology

A

Classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena

38
Q

Nomenclature

A

In a naming system for nosology the actual labels or names that are applied. In psychopathology these include, for example, mood disorders and eating disorders

39
Q

Classical categorical approach

A

you have it or you don’t

40
Q

Dimensional approach

A

more of a continuum (ie; autism / schitzophrenia)

41
Q

Prototypical approach

A

you have it if you meet proper criteria

42
Q

Labelling

A

categorizing people as individuals with psychological disorders as their totality

43
Q

Stigma

A

negative connotation attached to individuals with impaired cognitive abilities or behavioural functioning

Abnormal Psychology 1 (10 decks)

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